理解javax.servlet.Filter过滤器 ---- JavaWeb三大组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)

JavaWEB三大组件加载顺序：listener -> filter -> servlet   (当读取web.xml文件的加载顺序)

javax.servlet.Filter 是一个接口，过滤请求，实现请求的拦截或者放行，并且添加新的功能。

从上面的顺序，知道  Filter 比 Servlet 先执行 ，那么Filter 就可以拦截请求了，也就是说，所有请求进来，都先在他这里走一遍，然后再到servlet的service中去

public class DemoFilter implements Filter {

    protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "执行过滤任务中");
        // 放行，执行下一个过滤器
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤执行完毕");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器销毁");
    }
}

过滤器匹配URL规则：

精确匹配 —— 如/foo.htm，只会匹配foo.htm这个URL
路径匹配 —— 如/foo/*，会匹配以foo为前缀的URL
后缀匹配 —— 如*.htm，会匹配所有以.htm为后缀的URL
其他写法，如/foo/ ，/.htm ，/foo 都是不对的

在使用Filter的时候，光上面的 实现Filter是不够的。必须在web.xml文件中配置Filter , 还可以自定义Filter的执行顺序等。 

下面我贴一段，SpringBoot使用Filter的代码：、

配置Filter：

package com.toad.config.filter;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;

import javax.servlet.Filter;

/**
 * @author: wangqinmin
 * @date: 2019/4/22 16:16
 * @description: 仰天大笑出门去，我辈岂是蓬蒿人
 */
@Configuration
public class FilterConfig {

    @Bean
    public Filter demoFilter() {
        return new DemoFilter();
    }

    @Bean
    public Filter testFilter() {
        return new TestFilter();
    }

    /**
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @Order(value = 1) // 过滤器执行顺序
    public FilterRegistrationBean demoFilterBean() {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registration.setFilter(demoFilter());
        // 设置过滤的url
        registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        return registration;
    }

    @Bean
    @Order(2)
    public FilterRegistrationBean testFilterBean() {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registration.setFilter(testFilter());
        registration.addUrlPatterns(
                "/index.html",
                "/api/applications/views/*",
                "/api/applications-details/views/details.html",
                "/api/applications-logfile/views/logfile.html",
                "/api/applications-metrics/views/metrics.html",
                "/api/applications-environment/views/environment.html",
                "/api/applications-logging/views/logging.html",
                "/api/applications-jmx/views/jmx.html",
                "/api/applications-threads/views/threads.html",
                "/api/applications-auditevents/auditevents.html",
                "/api/applications-trace/views/trace.html",
                "/api/applications/*/logfile",
                "/api/applications/*/env");
        return registration;
    }
}

自定义Filter (我这里没有做什么过滤，都是直接放行了)：

package com.toad.config.filter;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author: wangqinmin
 * @date: 2019/4/22 15:31
 * @description: 仰天大笑出门去，我辈岂是蓬蒿人
 */
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {

    protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器初始化");
    }

    /**
     * 暂时没有做任何过滤
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param chain
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "执行过滤任务中");
        // 放行，执行下一个过滤器
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤执行完毕");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        logger.warn("DemoFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器销毁");
    }
}

package com.toad.config.filter;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author: wangqinmin
 * @date: 2019/4/22 16:14
 * @description: 仰天大笑出门去，我辈岂是蓬蒿人
 */
public class TestFilter implements Filter {
    protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        logger.warn("TestFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器初始化");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        logger.warn("TestFilter状态：[{}]", "执行过滤任务中");
        // 放行，执行下一个过滤器
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
        logger.warn("TestFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤执行完毕");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        logger.warn("TestFilter状态：[{}]", "过滤器销毁");
    }
}