Java运行状态分析1：线程及线程状态

线程

线程（英语：thread）是操作系统能够进行运算调度的最小单位。它被包含在进程之中，是进程中的实际运作单位。一条线程指的是进程中一个单一顺序的控制流，
一个进程中可以并发多个线程，每条线程并行执行不同的任务。在Unix System V及SunOS中也被称为轻量进程（lightweight processes），
但轻量进程更多指内核线程（kernel thread），而把用户线程（user thread）称为线程。

以上拷贝自维基百科

代码中任务、逻辑操作都依赖于线程，是java运行时最宝贵的资源

多线程一定程度可以增加cpu使用时间，压榨计算机资源提供更好的使用性能，一定程度也增加了资源的消耗如内存的增长、线程上下文数据切换的消耗、cup资源消耗，实际情况中我们应该根据业务场景合理的使用线程资源

Java线程生命周期


https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/lifecycle-and-states-of-a-thread-in-java/contribute.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/threadLifeCycle.jpg

java.lang.Thread.State 定义了如下6种线程状态

/**
 * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
 */
NEW,

/**
 * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
 * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
 * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
 * such as processor.
 */
RUNNABLE,

/**
 * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
 * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
 * to enter a synchronized block/method or
 * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
 * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
 */
BLOCKED,

/**
 * Thread state for a waiting thread.
 * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
 * following methods:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
 * perform a particular action.
 *
 * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
 * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
 * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
 * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
 * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
 */
WAITING,

/**
 * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
 * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
 * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
 *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
 *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
 *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
 * </ul>
 */
TIMED_WAITING,

/**
 * Thread state for a terminated thread.
 * The thread has completed execution.
 */
TERMINATED;

1. New：刚创建，可被执行，并且未开始执行
2. Runnable：正在执行或随时准备执行，例如多线程程序分配特定时间片给特定线程，特定线程执行短暂时间并暂停放弃cpu时间给其他线程，其他线程因此可以执行，这种场景线程是准备执行等待CPU时间，这种状态即Runnable
3. Blocked：waiting for a monitor lock，处于需要获取其他线程锁定的同步资源，如等待io结束，这种状态在转变为Runnable之前无法执行，无法消耗cup时间片
4. Waiting：等待其他线程执行特定操作，和Blocked类似
5. Timed Waiting：线程调用等待执行场景，特定时间后执行，比较sleep，或者一些条件等待场景，如定时任务
6. Terminated：正常或异常结束线程，将不分配CPU时间

模拟线程生命周期

1线程状态转换

public class DemonstrateThreadStates2 {

    static Thread thread1;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建线程1
        thread1 = new Thread(new TestThread1());

        // thread1 创建后 NEW state.
        System.out.println("State of thread1 after creating it - " + thread1.getState());
        thread1.start();

        // thread1 调用start后 变成 Runnable state
        System.out.println("State of thread1 after calling .start() method on it - " +
                thread1.getState());

    }

}

class TestThread1 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {

        TestThread2 myThread = new TestThread2();
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myThread);

        // 线程2创建 NEW state.
        System.out.println("State of thread2 after creating it - " + thread2.getState());
        thread2.start();

        // 线程2调用start 变成 Runnable state
        System.out.println("State of thread2 after calling .start() method on it - " +
                thread2.getState());

        // 调用sleep迫使当前线程进入sleep thread2 = timed waiting state
        try {
            //moving thread2 to timed waiting state
            Thread.sleep(200);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("State of thread2 after calling .sleep() method on it - " +
                thread2.getState());

        try {
            // 调用join迫使线程结束到die
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("State of thread2 when it has finished it's execution - " +
                thread2.getState());
    }
}


class TestThread2 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // moving thread2 to timed waiting state
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("State of thread1 while it called join() method on thread2 -" +
                DemonstrateThreadStates2.thread1.getState());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(200);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

控制台输出：

State of thread1 after creating it - NEW
State of thread1 after calling .start() method on it - RUNNABLE
State of thread2 after creating it - NEW
State of thread2 after calling .start() method on it - RUNNABLE
State of thread2 after calling .sleep() method on it - TIMED_WAITING
State of thread1 while it called join() method on thread2 -WAITING
State of thread2 when it has finished it's execution - TERMINATED

线程创建线程变成NEW状态，调用start启动线程变成Runnable，调用sleep阻塞当前线程吧变成Timed Waiting，thread2调用join将等待结束当前线程到父线程thread1，thread2线程将变成die，父线程thread1 等待线程thread2结束变成waiting

2模拟blocked场景

通过死锁模拟blocked场景

死锁条件

互斥使用：一个资源只能分配给一个线程

不可剥夺：资源只能由占有者释放，申请者不能强制剥夺

请求保持：线程申请资源时，保持对原有资源的占有

循环等待：存在一个进程等待队列：{P1 , P2 , … , Pn}, 其中P1等待P2占有的资源，P2等待P3占有的资源，…，Pn等待P1占有的资源，形成一个进程等待环路
代码

public class TestDeadLock implements Runnable {

    // flag=1，占有对象o1，等待对象o2
    // flag=0，占有对象o2，等待对象o1
    public int flag = 1;

    // 定义两个Object对象，模拟两个线程占有的资源
    public static Object o1 = new Object();
    public static Object o2 = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        TestDeadLock deadLock1 = new TestDeadLock();
        TestDeadLock deadLock2 = new TestDeadLock();

        deadLock1.flag = 0;
        deadLock2.flag = 1;

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(deadLock1);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(deadLock2);

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        System.out.println("flag: " + flag);

        // deadLock2占用资源o1，准备获取资源o2
        if (flag == 1) {
            synchronized (o1) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (o2) {
                    System.out.println("1");
                }
            }
        }

        // deadLock1占用资源o2，准备获取资源o1
        else if (flag == 0) {
            synchronized (o2) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (o1) {
                    System.out.println("0");
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

参考文献

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/lifecycle-and-states-of-a-thread-in-java/

https://www.jianshu.com/p/8cf78bf94f9d

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/yugj/blog/3073522