常用的fdisk命令只可以格式化小于2TB的磁盘,大于2TB的磁盘需要使用parted进行磁盘分区,磁盘为GPT格式。使用fidks –l 报如下警告
[root@jkkdbserver u01]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 56.9 GB, 56907448320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6918 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 28 224878+ 83 Linux
/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 29 2740 21784140 83 Linux
/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 2741 6917 33551752+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
WARNING: The size of this disk is 5.3 TB (5344003645440 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than 2.2 TB (2199023255040 bytes). Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344.0 GB, 5344003645440 bytes
255 heads, 32 sectors/track, 1279106 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8160 * 512 = 4177920 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
操作过程如下:
[root@jkkdbserver u01]# parted /dev/cciss/c0d1
GNU Parted 1.8.1
使用 /dev/cciss/c0d1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition
help [COMMAND] prints general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, a partition, or all devices
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information
(parted) mkpart
错误: msdos labels do not support devices that have more than 4294967295 sectors.
(parted) mklabel
新的磁盘标签类型? [msdos]? gpt
(parted) p
Model: Compaq 智能阵列 (cpqarray)
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []?
文件系统类型? [ext2]? ext3
起始点?
起始点? 0
结束点? 500G
(parted) p
Model: Compaq 智能阵列 (cpqarray)
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []?
文件系统类型? [ext2]? ext3
起始点? 500G
结束点? 2500G
(parted) p
Model: Compaq 智能阵列 (cpqarray)
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB
2 500GB 2500GB 2000GB
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []? /dev/cciss/c0d1
文件系统类型? [ext2]? ext3
起始点?
起始点? 2000G
结束点? 5000G
警告: You requested a partition from 2000GB to 5000GB.
The closest location we can manage is 2500GB to 5000GB. Is this still acceptable to you?
是/Yes/否/No? n
(parted) p
Model: Compaq 智能阵列 (cpqarray)
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB
2 500GB 2500GB 2000GB
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []?
文件系统类型? [ext2]? ext3
起始点? 2500GB
结束点?
结束点? 6000G
错误: The location 6000G is outside of the device /dev/cciss/c0d1.
(parted) mkpart
分区名称? []? /dev/cciss/c0d1
文件系统类型? [ext2]? ext3
起始点? 2500GB
结束点? 5344GB
(parted) p
Model: Compaq 智能阵列 (cpqarray)
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB
2 500GB 2500GB 2000GB
3 2500GB 5344GB 2844GB
(parted) q
信息: 如果必要,不要忘记更新 /etc/fstab。
[root@jkkdbserver u01]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d0: 56.9 GB, 56907448320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6918 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 * 1 28 224878+ 83 Linux
/dev/cciss/c0d0p2 29 2740 21784140 83 Linux
/dev/cciss/c0d0p3 2741 6917 33551752+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/cciss/c0d1'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
WARNING: The size of this disk is 5.3 TB (5344003645440 bytes).
DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
larger than 2.2 TB (2199023255040 bytes). Use parted(1) and GUID
partition table format (GPT).
Disk /dev/cciss/c0d1: 5344.0 GB, 5344003645440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 649704 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/cciss/c0d1p1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee EFI GPT
[root@jkkdbserver u01]#
[root@bogon ~]# ls -l /dev/cciss
总计 0
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 0 08-29 16:37 c0d0
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 1 08-29 16:37 c0d0p1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 2 08-29 16:37 c0d0p2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 3 08-29 16:37 c0d0p3
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 16 10-11 17:15 c0d1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 17 10-11 17:15 c0d1p1
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 18 10-11 17:15 c0d1p2
brw-r----- 1 root disk 104, 19 10-11 17:15 c0d1p3
[root@ jkkdbserver ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/cciss/c0d1p1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
61046784 inodes, 122070308 blocks
6103515 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
3726 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
MBR与GPT区别。
MBR:MBR分区表(即主引导记录)大家都很熟悉,是过去我们使用windows时常用的。
所支持的最大卷:2T,而且对分区有限制:最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区
GPT: GPT(即GUID分区表)。是源自EFI标准的一种较新的磁盘分区表结构的标准,是未来磁盘分区的主要形式。与MBR分区方式相比,具有如下优点。
突破MBR 4个主分区限制,每个磁盘最多支持128个分区。支持大于2T的分区,最大卷可达18EB。
parted命令常用选项。
当在命令行输入parted后,进入parted命令的交互模式。输入help会显示帮助信息。下面就简单介绍一下常用的功能
1、Check 简单检查文件系统。建议用其他命令检查文件系统,比如fsck
2、Help 显示帮助信息
3、mklabel 创建分区表, 即是使用msdos(MBR)还是使用gpt,或者是其他方式分区表
4、 mkfs 创建文件系统。该命令不支持ext3 格式,因此建议不使用,最好是用parted分好区,然后退出parted交互模式,用其他命令进行分区,比如:mkfs.ext3
5、mkpart 创建新分区。
格式:mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END
PART-TYPE类型主要有primary(主分区), extended(扩展分区), logical(逻辑区). 扩展分区和逻辑分区只对msdos。
fs-type 文件系统类型,主要有fs32,NTFS,ext2,ext3等
start end 分区的起始和结束位置。
6、mkpartfs建立分区及其文件系统。目前还不支持ext3文件系统,因此不建议使用该功能。最后是分好区后,退出parted,然后用其他命令建立文件系统。
7、print 输出分区信息。该功能有3个选项,
free 显示该盘的所有信息,并显示磁盘剩余空间
number 显示指定的分区的信息
all 显示所有磁盘信息
8、resize 调整指定的分区的大小。目前对ext3格式支持不是很好,所以不建议使用该功能。
9、rescue 恢复不小心删除的分区。如果不小心用parted的rm命令删除了一个分区,那么可以通过rescue功能进行恢复。恢复时需要给出分区的起始和结束的位置。然后parted就会在给定的范围内去寻找,并提示恢复分区。
10、rm 删除分区。命令格式 rm number 。如:rm 3 就是将编号为3的分区删除
11、select 选择设备。当输入parted命令后直接回车进入交互模式是,如果有多块硬盘,需要用select 选择要操作的硬盘。如:select /dev/sdb
12、set 设置标记。更改指定分区编号的标志。标志通常有如下几种:boot hidden raid lvm 等。
boot为引导分区,hidden 为隐藏分区,raid 软raid,lvm 为逻辑分区。
如:set 3 boot on 设置分区号3 为启动分区
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