parted 分区

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-28 22:13:16 发布

cimi087706

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-28 22:13:16 发布

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       由于河南客户平台的存储有8.5T，用fdisk分区最大只能2T，所以我尝试使用parted分区。
环境： centos 6.0
介绍2种分区表：
MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）
所支持的最大卷：2T （1TB=1024GB)
对分区的设置：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。

GPT分区表: (GPT含义：GUID 分区表）
支持最大卷：18EB （1EB=1024TB）
每个磁盘最多支持128个分区

如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表。
linux 下fdisk 工具不支持GPT，得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted。
操作如下：

[root@GAPT01 ~]# parted /dev/xvdf
GNU Parted 2.1
使用 /dev/xvdf
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help        -----帮助信息
align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
check NUMBER                             do a simple check on the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER   copy file system to another partition
help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE                      make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END     make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END                    move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space,
        all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit                                     exit program
rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
resize NUMBER START END                  resize partition NUMBER and its file system
rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU
        Parted
(parted) mklabel gpt
警告: The existing disk label on /dev/xvdf will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do
you want to continue?
是/Yes/否/No? yes
(parted) print
Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)
Disk /dev/xvdf: 8590GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name 标志

(parted) mkpart primary 0 8.6TB
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? cancel
(parted) mkpart primary 0 4TB
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? cancl
parted: invalid token: cancl
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? cancel
(parted) mkpart primary 0kb 8500GB
警告: You requested a partition from 0.00B to 8500GB.
The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 8500GB.
Is this still acceptable to you?
是/Yes/否/No? yes
警告: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
忽略/Ignore/放弃/Cancel? ignore
(parted) print
Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)
Disk /dev/xvdf: 8590GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name 标志
1 17.4kB 8500GB 8500GB primary

(parted) quit
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@GAPT01 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/xvda: 193.3 GB, 193273528320 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 23497 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078088

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/xvda1   *           1          26      204800   83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/xvda2              26       13080   104857600   83 Linux
/dev/xvda3           13080       15691    20971520   83 Linux
/dev/xvda4           15691       23498    62708736    5 Extended
/dev/xvda5           15691       17780    16777216   82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/xvda6           17780       23498    45929472   83 Linux

Disk /dev/xvdd: 0 MB, 370688 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 0 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/xvdd doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/xvde: 186.8 GB, 186831077376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 22714 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/xvde doesn't contain a valid partition table

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/xvdf'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/xvdf: 8589.9 GB, 8589934592000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044333 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/xvdf1               1      267350 2147483647+ ee GPT
[root@GAPT01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdf1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
518799360 inodes, 2075195308 blocks
103759765 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
63330 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@GAPT01 ~]# mount /dev/xvdf1 /oradata
[root@GAPT01 ~]# df -h
文件系统              容量已用可用已用%% 挂载点
/dev/xvda2             99G   18G   77G 19% /
tmpfs                  16G 344K   16G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1            194M   42M 143M 23% /boot
/dev/xvda6             44G 2.7G   39G   7% /home
/dev/xvda3             20G 833M   18G   5% /var
/dev/xvdf1            7.7T 176M 7.3T   1% /oradata

[root@GAPT01 ~]# vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 7 10:00:17 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=e6dafb29-c18d-4f5a-b64f-2a105a6a9681 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=376dc87c-7fb6-4c7e-88d6-edea323a480b /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=1c3d22e9-462f-4547-8416-eb43df7784d2 /home                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=76111c63-9717-4b13-afd4-dcebe4c629ae /var                    ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=c1c471b9-d613-4e06-a42d-83d023d1b67b swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs        /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts       /dev/pts                devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs        /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc         /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/xvdf1   /oradata                ext4    defaults        0 2
~
重启自动挂载，整个分区完成。
感言：经验在每次的尝试中积累。虽然这个命令自己以前没用过，但有了这一次的尝试，下次用起来就会得心应手。