Oracle11g 手工创建数据库

数据库系统版本：11g
1. 设置数据库环境变量

[oracle@R710 ~]$ more .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/ulic/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:$HOME/bin:/ulic/app/oracle/product/11.2/bin:/ulic/app/grid/bin:/home/oracle/ch_bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH
export NLS_LANG=american_america.utf8

2.创建口令文件
a. cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
b. orapwd file=orapwORCL password=oracle entries=30;

3. 修改已有的init.ora创建参数文件，此数据库的db_name=orcl
a.  cat init.ora | grep -v ^$ | grep -v ^#>initorcl.ora
[oracle@DC693SB3X-R710 dbs]$ more initatsdev.ora
db_name='orcl'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/ulic/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/ulic/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/ulic/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (/ulic/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl,/ulic/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl)
compatible ='11.2.0.4'

4. 创建需要的文件夹
mkdir -p /ulic/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir -p /ulic/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
mkdir -p /ulic/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

5. 启动数据库到nomount状态
a. sqlplus "/as sysdba"
b. startup nomount;

6. 创建数据库的脚本
a. vi create_db.sql
b.
CREATE DATABASE orcl
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log','/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log','/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log','/ulic/oradata/orcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/ulic/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/ulic/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/ulic/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/ulic/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'
            SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/ulic/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

7. 运行脚本创建数据库
a. SQL>@/home/oracle/create_db.sql

8. 运行脚本创建数据库字典
a. SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
b. SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

9. 查看数据库的状态
SQL>select status from v$instance;

10. 创建spfile文件
SQL>create spfile from pfile;

总结： 手工建库的步骤为
a. 设置环境变量
b. 创建口令文件
c. 创建pfile文件
d. 创建必要的文件目录
e. 创建数据库
f. 运行必要的脚本
g. 创建spfile文件

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