-->Oracle 参数文件
--========================
/*
参数文件(10g中的参数文件)
主要用来记录数据库的配置文件,在数据库启动时,Oracle读取参数文件,并根据参数文件中的参数设置来配置数据库。
如内存池的分配,允许打开的进程数和会话数等。
两类参数文件:
pfile:文本文件的参数文件,可以使用vi,vim等编辑器修改,文件名通常为init.ora
spfile:二进制的参数文件,不能直接修改,只能存放在Oracle服务器端,可以使用EM或指令来修改
(alter system|session set parameter_name = values <>),
文件名通常为spfile.ora,支持RMAN备份。
优先级别:
Oracle 启动读取参数文件的顺序,如果个文件都不存在,则Oracle会报错
spfile.ora --> spfile.ora -->init.ora
参数文件的路径:*/
spfle:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora
pfile(9i):$ORALCE_HOME/dbs/init$ORALCE_SID.ora /*10g以后一般不用init.ora*/
pfile(10g):$ORALCE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile /*仅当数据库初始化时使用*/
pfile:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora /*默认*/
/*
参数文件之间的转化
spfile 转化为pfile
pfile 转换为spfile
从spfile来生成pfile
create pfile from spfile ,执行完毕后,pfile 将保存为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora
也可以指定pfile 的路径:create pfile = '
由pfile 生成spfile
create spfile from pfile
create spfile from pfile = '
create spfile = '
11g中的新指令,从memeory中生成
create spfile = '
/*
演示:*/
[@more@]
spfile --> pfile
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> ho ls -al /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/
total 56
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Apr 8 13:49 .
drwxr-x--- 55 oracle oinstall 4096 Apr 7 09:48 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Apr 6 12:06 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 8385 Sep 11 1998 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 12920 May 3 2001 initdw.ora
-rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 1155 Apr 8 13:49 initorcl.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Apr 6 12:06 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Apr 7 15:50 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Apr 8 11:15 spfileorcl.ora
SQL> ho cat /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=251658240
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/disk1'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='/u01/app/oracle/disk2'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=135266304
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=406847488
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
pfile --> spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile; /*使用该命令的时候不能转换,如下报错,因为当前的spfile正在使用*/
create spfile from pfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32002: cannot create SPFILE already being used by the instance
SQL> create spfile = '/u01/app/oracle/spfileorcl.ora' from pfile;
File created.
SQL> ho cat /u01/app/oracle/spfileorcl.ora;
a*orcl.__db_cache_size=251658240
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/disk1'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='/u01/app/oracle/disk2'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=135266304
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=406847488
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
/*
转换后的使用:
假定修改了initorcl.ora中的参数,但Oracle启动是先读取spfile ,故可以在启动的时候指定用initorcl.ora来
初始化参数,启动完毕后,可以创建spfile,则下一次启动就可以使用新的spfile.
假定我们对initorcl.ora作如下修改:*/
open_cursors=600
processes=250
/*
则关闭数据库后指定以initorcl.ora参数来启动数据库*/
SQL> startup pfile = '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 406847488 bytes
Fixed Size 1219688 bytes
Variable Size 150995864 bytes
Database Buffers 251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile; /*修改的内容将会更新到spfile*/
File created.
--查看参数文件的名字
SQL> show parameter service_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names string orcl
--查看当前使用的哪个参数文件启动的
SQL> select distinct isspecified from v$spparameter;
ISSPEC
------
FALSE
/*
如果第一个值是FALSE还是TRUE,如果是FALSE,则是pfile,否则则是spfile.
也可以尝试修改spfile ,如果报错则可以判断是从pfile启动,当然所修改的参数必须是可以修改的*/
SQL> alter system set sga_target = 200m scope = spfile;
alter system set sga_target = 200m scope = spfile
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32001: write to SPFILE requested but no SPFILE specified at startup
--强制启动Oracle后再查看是使用的哪个参数启动的。
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 406847488 bytes
Fixed Size 1219688 bytes
Variable Size 150995864 bytes
Database Buffers 251658240 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select distinct isspecified from v$spparameter;
ISSPEC
------
TRUE
FALSE
/*
第一行为TRUE可知,是从spfile启动的,有两行,其中第二行为FALSE,表示有两个参数文件,一个是spfile,一个是pfile
再次尝试看看能否修改spfile: */
SQL> alter system set sga_target = 380m scope = spfile; /*修改成功*/
System altered.
/*
参数文件的修改:
如果是pfile ,直接使用vi,vim来修改即可
如果是spfile ,则使用 */
alter system|session set parametername = values scope = memory | spfile |both sid = 'sid' | ‘*’;
scope
memory : 只对当前实例有效,下次启动则失效
spfile : 只对spfile 修改,必须经过下一次启动才生效,当前的实例没有修改
both :内存与参数文件都将修改,当不指定scope时,缺省为both.
system | session
system :
-- 查询视图:v$parameter
isses_modifiable 可以被alter session修改
isssy_modifiable 可以被alter system修改
-- sid:
sid :只对某一个实例
* :对所有的实例修改
SQL> show parameter sga_ /*查看与sga有关的参数*/
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
sga_max_size big integer 388M
sga_target big integer 388M
SQL> alter system set sga_max_size = 350m; /*特殊的参数不能被修改*/
alter system set sga_max_size = 350m
*
ERROR at line 1:
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