以太坊源码深入分析（6）-- 以太坊P2P协议接收广播的处理和Fetcher源码分析

上一节主要讲了Ethereum服务和以太坊P2P协议通讯模块ProtocolManager的初始化和启动，以及以太坊通讯协议如何广播给其他的网络节点。
这一节讲讲，以太坊通讯协议如何处理接收到的广播消息。以及fetcher怎么工作。

一，ProtocolManager接收网络节点广播消息

首先看看p2p.Protocol的结构

type Protocol struct {
	Name string
	Version uint
	Length uint64

	Run func(peer *Peer, rw MsgReadWriter) error

	NodeInfo func() interface{}

	PeerInfo func(id discover.NodeID) interface{}
}

上一节ProtocolManager初始化的时候会实例化一个p2p.Protocol，并实

现了Protocol里面的三个成员变量和三个成员函数指针。

manager.SubProtocols = append(manager.SubProtocols, p2p.Protocol{
			Name:    ProtocolName,
			Version: version,
			Length:  ProtocolLengths[i],
			Run: func(p *p2p.Peer, rw p2p.MsgReadWriter) error {
				peer := manager.newPeer(int(version), p, rw)
				select {
				case manager.newPeerCh <- peer:
					manager.wg.Add(1)
					defer manager.wg.Done()
					return manager.handle(peer)
				case <-manager.quitSync:
					return p2p.DiscQuitting
				}
			},
			NodeInfo: func() interface{} {
				return manager.NodeInfo()
			},
			PeerInfo: func(id discover.NodeID) interface{} {
				if p := manager.peers.Peer(fmt.Sprintf("%x", id[:8])); p != nil {
					return p.Info()
				}
				return nil
			},
		})

这三个函数指针实质是注入p2p server的回调，用于处理网络中其他节点的广播通知、获取本以太坊Node 的info、本地节点的info。
Run方法尤其重要，当发现网络中新的p2p节点时候就会执行Run方法，这时候会执行manager.handle(peer)。

func (pm *ProtocolManager) handle(p *peer) error {
	if pm.peers.Len() >= pm.maxPeers {
		return p2p.DiscTooManyPeers
	}
	p.Log().Debug("Ethereum peer connected", "name", p.Name())


	// Execute the Ethereum handshake
	var (
		genesis = pm.blockchain.Genesis()
		head    = pm.blockchain.CurrentHeader()
		hash    = head.Hash()
		number  = head.Number.Uint64()
		td      = pm.blockchain.GetTd(hash, number)
	)
	if err := p.Handshake(pm.networkId, td, hash, genesis.Hash()); err != nil {
		p.Log().Debug("Ethereum handshake failed", "err", err)
		return err
	}
	if rw, ok := p.rw.(*meteredMsgReadWriter); ok {
		rw.Init(p.version)
	}
	// Register the peer locally
	if err := pm.peers.Register(p); err != nil {
		p.Log().Error("Ethereum peer registration failed", "err", err)
		return err
	}
	defer pm.removePeer(p.id)


	// Register the peer in the downloader. If the downloader considers it banned, we disconnect
	if err := pm.downloader.RegisterPeer(p.id, p.version, p); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Propagate existing transactions. new transactions appearing
	// after this will be sent via broadcasts.
	pm.syncTransactions(p)


	// If we're DAO hard-fork aware, validate any remote peer with regard to the hard-fork
	if daoBlock := pm.chainconfig.DAOForkBlock; daoBlock != nil {
		// Request the peer's DAO fork header for extra-data validation
		if err := p.RequestHeadersByNumber(daoBlock.Uint64(), 1, 0, false); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Start a timer to disconnect if the peer doesn't reply in time
		p.forkDrop = time.AfterFunc(daoChallengeTimeout, func() {
			p.Log().Debug("Timed out DAO fork-check, dropping")
			pm.removePeer(p.id)
		})
		// Make sure it's cleaned up if the peer dies off
		defer func() {
			if p.forkDrop != nil {
				p.forkDrop.Stop()
				p.forkDrop = nil
			}
		}()
	}
	// main loop. handle incoming messages.
	for {
		if err := pm.handleMsg(p); err != nil {
			p.Log().Debug("Ethereum message handling failed", "err", err)
			return err
		}
	}
}

首先根远程网络节点握手Handshake()方法

func (p *peer) Handshake(network uint64, td *big.Int, head common.Hash, genesis common.Hash) error {
	// Send out own handshake in a new thread
	errc := make(chan error, 2)
	var status statusData // safe to read after two values have been received from errc


	go func() {
		errc <- p2p.Send(p.rw, StatusMsg, &statusData{
			ProtocolVersion: uint32(p.version),
			NetworkId:       network,
			TD:              td,
			CurrentBlock:    head,
			GenesisBlock:    genesis,
		})
	}()
	go func() {
		errc <- p.readStatus(network, &status, genesis)
	}()
	timeout := time.NewTimer(handshakeTimeout)
	defer timeout.Stop()
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		select {
		case err := <-errc:
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		case <-timeout.C:
			return p2p.DiscReadTimeout
		}
	}
	p.td, p.head = status.TD, status.CurrentBlock
	return nil
}

把本地节点的状态发送给远程节点包括ProtocolVersion、NetworkId、TD、CurrentBlock、GenesisBlock，然后读取返回的状态数据，并做对比，如果都满足条件就握手成功。

然后将这个网络节点加入到缓存的节点列表中pm.peers.Register(p)。