备份与恢复--利用备份的控制文件恢复

如果全部控制文件丢失，但是包含以前控制文件的备份，这时可以利用备份的控制文件进行恢复，不过在

恢复后需要以RESETLOGS方式打开数据库。

如果重做日志文件可用则可以完全恢复，如缺少重做日志文件，则只能进行不完全恢复。

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下面模拟一下完全恢复的情况：

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/backup/control01.bak';

Database altered.

SQL> select * from jglu.a;

ID
----------
1
2

SQL> insert into jglu.a values(3);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> insert into jglu.a values(4);

1 row created.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> insert into jglu.a values(5);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> host rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control*.*

SQL> host cp /u01/backup/control01.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

SQL> host cp /u01/backup/control01.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

SQL> host cp /u01/backup/control01.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 335544320 bytes
Fixed Size 1219280 bytes
Variable Size 117441840 bytes
Database Buffers 213909504 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE UNTIL CANCEL
ORA-00279: change 687057 generated at 01/13/2009 10:03:29 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_29_675592897.dbf
ORA-00280: change 687057 for thread 1 is in sequence #29

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
AUTO
ORA-00279: change 690351 generated at 01/14/2009 02:27:49 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_30_675592897.dbf
ORA-00280: change 690351 for thread 1 is in sequence #30
ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_29_675592897.dbf' no
longer needed for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 690354 generated at 01/14/2009 02:27:55 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_31_675592897.dbf
ORA-00280: change 690354 for thread 1 is in sequence #31
ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_30_675592897.dbf' no
longer needed for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 690367 generated at 01/14/2009 02:28:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_32_675592897.dbf
ORA-00280: change 690367 for thread 1 is in sequence #32
ORA-00278: log file '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_31_675592897.dbf' no
longer needed for this recovery

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_32_675592897.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

最后出现的错误是由于SHUTDOWN ABORT后，使用备份的控制文件造成的。Oracle需要应用当前的重做日志

文件来进行恢复，但是由于使用了备份的控制文件，备份之后的归档日志信息丢失，因此，这时需要手工

输入需要恢复的联机重做日志文件

其实这个时候是可以通过REDO的循环使用推断出最后需要使用的联机日志的。

SQL> SELECT GROUP#, SEQUENCE#, STATUS FROM V$LOG;

GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------
1 29 CURRENT
3 28 INACTIVE
2 27 INACTIVE

SQL> RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE UNTIL CANCEL
ORA-00279: change 690367 generated at 01/14/2009 02:28:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/archive/1_32_675592897.dbf
ORA-00280: change 690367 for thread 1 is in sequence #32

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.

提示需要32的归档日志，根据V$LOG可以推算出30为redo02.log,31为redo03.log,32为redo01.log.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

数据库已更改。

恢复到这里已经完成，现在需要做的是马上进行数据库的备份。

更多详细类似此种恢复的办法如下：

恢复之利用备份在所有控制文件丢失情况下恢复（一）：控制文件丢失单联机日志可用的恢复。

恢复之利用备份在所有控制文件丢失情况下恢复（二）：控制文件丢失，联机日志不可用，但数据文件是最新的情况。

恢复之利用备份在所有控制文件丢失情况下恢复（三）：控制文件丢失，联机日志可用，但数据文件来自备份。

恢复之利用备份在所有控制文件丢失情况下恢复（四）：控制文件丢失，联机日志丢失，利用备份数据文件恢复数据库。

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