当一个DML运行的时候,如果遇到了错误,不管在这之前成功了多少条记录,这条语句会整个回滚。以前解决这个问题的办法只有单独的执行每条语句,或者用FORALL的SAVE EXCEPTIONS子句。不过在10g release2中可以用LOG ERRORS子句来记录INSERT,UPDATE,MERGE,DELETE语句的错误记录。
[@more@]1.语法:
LOG ERRORS [INTO [schema.]table] [('simple_expression')] [REJECT LIMIT integer|UNLIMITED]
INTO子句是要指定一个记录error log的表,如不指定则会以ERR$开头加表名的前25位字符。
simple_expression是用来方便标识错误的记录的字符串
REJECT LIMIT是用来限制充许最大的错误值,默认为0,最大值是UNLIMITED
2.error logging的限制
以下情况error logging不起作用,Oracle会自动回滚错误的语句:
--违反延期约束的
--直接路径的INSERT或MERGE语句违反了唯一约束或唯一索引;
--更新操作(update or merge)违反了唯一约束或唯一索引。
另外,虽然表有LONG,LOB的表是可以用error logging特性的,但如果这些列的值是不被支持错误跟踪的。
3.准备测试的脚本
-- Create and populate a source table.
CREATE TABLE source (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
code VARCHAR2(10),
description VARCHAR2(50),
CONSTRAINT source_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
DECLARE
TYPE t_tab IS TABLE OF source%ROWTYPE;
l_tab t_tab := t_tab();
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1 .. 100000 LOOP
l_tab.extend;
l_tab(l_tab.last).id := i;
l_tab(l_tab.last).code := TO_CHAR(i);
l_tab(l_tab.last).description := 'Description for ' || TO_CHAR(i);
END LOOP;
-- For a possible error condition.
l_tab(1000).code := NULL;
l_tab(10000).code := NULL;
FORALL i IN l_tab.first .. l_tab.last
INSERT INTO source VALUES l_tab(i);
COMMIT;
END;
/
EXEC DBMS_STATS.gather_table_stats(USER, 'source', cascade => TRUE);
-- Create a destination table.
CREATE TABLE dest (
id NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
code VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR2(50),
CONSTRAINT dest_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
-- Create a dependant of the destination table.
CREATE TABLE dest_child (
id NUMBER,
dest_id NUMBER,
CONSTRAINT child_pk PRIMARY KEY (id),
CONSTRAINT dest_child_dest_fk FOREIGN KEY (dest_id) REFERENCES dest(id)
);
建立了source表,插入了100000条记录,但第1000和10000条的code是空值。又建立了一个父表dest,子表dest_child
4.用DBMS_ERRLOG包来建立error log的存放地
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> begin
2 dbms_errlog.create_error_log('dest');
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from all_tables where owner='SCOTT' and table_name like
'ERR%';
OWNER TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT ERR$_DEST USERS
SQL> desc err$_dest;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------
ORA_ERR_NUMBER$ NUMBER
ORA_ERR_MESG$ VARCHAR2(2000)
ORA_ERR_ROWID$ ROWID
ORA_ERR_OPTYP$ VARCHAR2(2)
ORA_ERR_TAG$ VARCHAR2(2000)
ID VARCHAR2(4000)
CODE VARCHAR2(4000)
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(4000)
系统默认建立了error log的表。
5.准备工作都已结束,现在开始DML的测试,先测试insert操作
由于DEST表的CODE栏位是有constraint的,而SOURCE表的CODE是可以为空,将SOURCE的资料都备制到DEST时肯定会出错。
SQL> insert into dest
2 select * from source;
select * from source
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE")
启用log error则会插入符合条件的记录
SQL> INSERT INTO dest
2 select * from source
3 log errors into err$_dest('insert1') reject limit unlimited;
99998 rows created.
SQL> COLUMN ora_err_mesg$ FORMAT A70
SQL> SELECT ora_err_number$, ora_err_mesg$
2 FROM err$_dest
3 WHERE ora_err_tag$ ='insert1';
ORA_ERR_NUMBER$ ORA_ERR_MESG$
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1400 ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE")
1400 ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE")
错误的记录都已放在err$_dest表中。
即使insert的操作被回滚,err$_dest的表依然有数据,说明是用自制事务写入err$_dest的。
6.update语句
修改前十条语句的code,id为9,10的两条记录的code改为null,这是违反约束的操作,肯定不成功。
SQL> UPDATE dest
2 SET code = DECODE(id, 9, NULL, 10, NULL, code)
3 WHERE id BETWEEN 1 AND 10;
SET code = DECODE(id, 9, NULL, 10, NULL, code)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01407: cannot update ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE") to NULL
启用log error则可修改其它8条记录。
SQL> UPDATE dest
2 SET code = DECODE(id, 9, NULL, 10, NULL, code)
3 WHERE id BETWEEN 1 AND 10
4 LOG ERRORS INTO err$_dest ('UPDATE') REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
8 rows updated.
SQL> SELECT ora_err_number$, ora_err_mesg$
2 FROM err$_dest
3 WHERE ora_err_tag$ = 'UPDATE';
ORA_ERR_NUMBER$ ORA_ERR_MESG$
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1407 ORA-01407: cannot update ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE") to NULL
1407 ORA-01407: cannot update ("SCOTT"."DEST"."CODE") to NULL
7.merge语句
DELETE FROM dest
WHERE id > 50000;
MERGE INTO dest a
USING source b
ON (a.id = b.id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET a.code = b.code,
a.description = b.description
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (id, code, description)
VALUES (b.id, b.code, b.description);
*
ERROR at line 9:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("TEST"."DEST"."CODE")
和期待的一样,加了log errors子句后已更新或插入了除了违反约束的其它记录。
MERGE INTO dest a
USING source b
ON (a.id = b.id)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET a.code = b.code,
a.description = b.description
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (id, code, description)
VALUES (b.id, b.code, b.description)
LOG ERRORS INTO err$_dest ('MERGE') REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
99998 rows merged.
SELECT ora_err_number$, ora_err_mesg$
FROM err$_dest
WHERE ora_err_tag$ = 'MERGE';
ORA_ERR_NUMBER$ ORA_ERR_MESG$
--------------- ---------------------------------------------------------
1400 ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("TEST"."DEST"."CODE")
1400 ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("TEST"."DEST"."CODE")
2 rows selected.
8.delete语句
dest_child表有一个外键和dest相关联,所以如果插入部分资料到dest_child,再试着删除dest表相关联的记录看看。
SQL> INSERT INTO dest_child (id, dest_id) VALUES (1, 100);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO dest_child (id, dest_id) VALUES (2, 101);
1 row created.
SQL> DELETE FROM dest;
DELETE FROM dest
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02292: integrity constraint (SCOTT.DEST_CHILD_DEST_FK) violated - child record found
加上log error子句后可以删除其它的记录,只保留不能删除的记录。
SQL> DELETE FROM dest
2 LOG ERRORS INTO err$_dest ('DELETE') REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
99996 rows deleted.
SQL> select count(*) from dest;
COUNT(*)
----------
2
SELECT ora_err_number$, ora_err_mesg$
FROM err$_dest
WHERE ora_err_tag$ = 'DELETE';
ORA_ERR_NUMBER$ ORA_ERR_MESG$
--------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
2292 ORA-02292: integrity constraint (TEST.DEST_CHILD_DEST_FK) violated -
child record found
2292 ORA-02292: integrity constraint (TEST.DEST_CHILD_DEST_FK) violated -
child record found
9.下面开始试试error log不能工作的情况,第一种情况是开启了约速延时
SQL> CREATE TABLE T
2 (ID NUMBER,
3 NAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 AGE NUMBER(3),
5 CONSTRAINT CK_T_AGE CHECK (AGE < 150)
6 DEFERRABLE
7 INITIALLY DEFERRED);
表已创建。
SQL> EXEC DBMS_ERRLOG.CREATE_ERROR_LOG('T', 'T_ERROR_LOG')
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
下面测试一下LOG ERRORS语句:
SQL> INSERT INTO T VALUES (1, '1234567890A', 5)
2 LOG ERRORS INTO T_ERROR_LOG REJECT LIMIT 1;
已创建0行。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_ERROR_LOG;
COUNT(*)
----------
1
下面尝试违反延迟约束:
SQL> INSERT INTO T VALUES (1, 'ABC', 200)
2 LOG ERRORS INTO T_ERROR_LOG REJECT LIMIT 1;
已创建 1 行。
SQL> COMMIT;
COMMIT
*第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-02091: 事务处理已回退
ORA-02290: 违反检查约束条件 (YANGTK.CK_T_AGE)
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_ERROR_LOG;
COUNT(*)
----------
1
由于延迟约束的检查在COMMIT时刻进行,而不是在DML发生的时刻,因此不会利用LOG ERRORS语句将违反结果的记录插入
到记录表中,这也是很容易理解的。
10.下面看看直接路径插入违反唯一约束的情况:
SQL> ALTER TABLE T DROP CONSTRAINT CK_T_AGE;
表已更改。
SQL> ALTER TABLE T ADD PRIMARY KEY(ID);
表已更改。
SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T
2 SELECT MOD(ROWNUM, 10), SUBSTR(TNAME, 1, 10), 10
3 FROM TAB
4 LOG ERRORS INTO T_ERROR_LOG
5 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO T
*第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00001: 违反唯一约束条件 (YANGTK.SYS_C0011606)
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T_ERROR_LOG;
COUNT(*)
----------
1
直接路径插入本身就很特殊,在执行过程中会绕过很多常规SQL执行的步骤,因此LOG ERRORS语句对其无效也是可以理解
的。
11.最后来看看更新语句违反唯一约束的情况:
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
未选定行
SQL> INSERT INTO T
2 SELECT MOD(ROWNUM, 10), SUBSTR(TNAME, 1, 10), 10
3 FROM TAB
4 LOG ERRORS INTO T_ERROR_LOG
5 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
已创建10行。
SQL> UPDATE T
2 SET ID = 1
3 WHERE ID = 2
4 LOG ERRORS INTO T_ERROR_LOG
5 REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
UPDATE T
*第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00001: 违反唯一约束条件 (YANGTK.SYS_C0011606)
可以看到,如果更新操作导致了唯一约束或唯一索引冲突,也是不会记录到错误记录表中的。至于为什么更新操作会产生
这种情况,还没有想明白,不过主键的冲突和其他约束冲突有所区别,Oracle在处理的时候很可能会有所考虑。
参考文档
http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/10g/DmlErrorLogging_10gR2.php
http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/479366
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