WSGI

WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface）不是服务器，python模块，框架，API或者任何软件，只是一种规范，描述web server如何与web application通信的规范。

WSGI协议主要包含了server和application两部分
1.web server/getway：接受客户端的请求，并提供并发响应，将request转发给applicaiton，将application返回的response返回给客户端。每个并发中的线程调用web application处理业务逻辑。通常采用C/C++编写，代表有：apache、nginx、IIS。
2.web application/framework：接收server的request，并将处理结果response返回给server。application中可以包含多个栈式的中间件（middlewares），这些中间件必须同时实现server和application，因此可以在WSGI服务器和WSGI服务器之间起到调节作用。

参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/-wenli/p/10884168.html

简介

WSGI不是server,不是module,不是framework,不是API,不是任何一种software.它只是一个接口规范,规定server和application如何交流.具体规范可以在PEP 3333查看.

WSGI通过callable object实现,比如function,method,class,或者拥有object.__call__的instance.callable object必须:
1.接收两个positional param:
1)(dictionary) CGI 变量
2)回调函数,来发送HTTP status code/message 和 HTTP headers 去服务端
2.返回(str)response body

Application Interface

# The application interface is a callable object
def application (environ,start_response):# 两个参数,第一个是CGI,第二个是callback
    # Build the response body possibly
    # using the supplied environ dictionary
    response_body = 'Request method: %s' % environ['REQUEST_METHOD']

    # HTTP response code and message
    status = '200 OK'

    # HTTP headers expected by the client
    # They must be wrapped as a list of tupled pairs:
    # [(Header name, Header value)].
    response_headers = [
        ('Content-Type', 'text/plain'),
        ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))
    ]

    # Send them to the server using the supplied function
    start_response(status, response_headers)

    # Return the response body. Notice it is wrapped
    # in a list although it could be any iterable.
    return [response_body]

Environment Dictionary

#! /usr/bin/env python

# Python's bundled WSGI server
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

def application (environ, start_response):

    # Sorting and stringifying the environment key, value pairs
    response_body = [
        '%s: %s' % (key, value) for key, value in sorted(environ.items())
    ]
    response_body = '\n'.join(response_body)

    status = '200 OK'
    response_headers = [
        ('Content-Type', 'text/plain'),
        ('Content-Length', str(len(response_body)))
    ]
    start_response(status, response_headers)

    return [response_body] # 不能改成return response_body,因为会遍历返回值,如果不是列表则会遍历字符串,所以会变慢

# Instantiate the server
httpd = make_server (
    'localhost', # The host name
    8051, # A port number where to wait for the request
    application # The application object name, in this case a function
)

# Wait for a single request, serve it and quit
httpd.handle_request()

Response Iterable

Parsing the Request - Get

Parsing the Request - Post

参考：
http://wsgi.tutorial.codepoint.net/intro