Oracle基本信息检查

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 13:49:16 发布

cm333666

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 13:49:16 发布

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文章标签：数据库操作系统

1. 检查Windows下的Oracle相关服务的状态

主要服务包括： OracleServiceORA10：Oracle实例服务
OracleOraDb10g_home1TNSListenerFslmyoracle： Oracle监听服务（OFS管理）
OracleMSCSServices：Oracle Fail Safe for MSCS服务
在当前活动节点上，服务状态应该是正常“已启动”状态。

2. 检查Oracle初始化参数

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select * from v$parameter;
select * from v$parameter;

3. 检查Oracle的实例状态

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select instance_name,version,status,database_status
from v$instance;
select instance_name,version,status,database_status
from v$instance;
其中"STATUS"表示Oracle当前的实例状态，必须为"OPEN"；"DATABASE_STATUS"表示Oracle当前数据库的状态，必须为"ACTIVE"。

4. 检查后台线程的状态

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Select name,Description
From V$BGPROCESS
Where Paddr<>'00';
Select name,Description
From V$BGPROCESS
Where Paddr<>'00';

5. 检查系统全局区SGA信息

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select * from v$sga;
select * from v$sga;
检查SGA各部份的分配情况，与实际内存比较是否合理。

6. 检查SGA各部分占用内存状况

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select * from v$sgastat;
select * from v$sgastat;
检查有无占用大量Shared pool的对象，及是否有内存浪费情况。

7. 检查系统SCN号

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select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;
select current_scn from v$database;
select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;
select current_scn from v$database;

8. 检查数据库状态

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select name,log_mode,open_mode from v$database;
select name,log_mode,open_mode from v$database;

9. 检查当前数据库的操作系统平台

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select platform_name from v$database;
select platform_name from v$database;

10. 检查数据库的大小，和空间使用情况

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col tablespace format a20
select b.file_id　　文件ID,
　　b.tablespace_name　　表空间,
　　b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名,
　　b.bytes　　　　　　　总字节数,
　　(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比
　　from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id
　　group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
　　order by b.tablespace_name
/
col tablespace format a20
select b.file_id　　文件ID,
　　b.tablespace_name　　表空间,
　　b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名,
　　b.bytes　　　　　　　总字节数,
　　(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余,
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比
　　from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id
　　group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes
　　order by b.tablespace_name
/
　　dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况
　　dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况

11. 检查数据库的创建日期和归档方式

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Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

12. 检查数据库是否处于归档模式，并启动了自动归档进程

archive log list;
archive log list;

13. 检查NLS信息（包括字符集）

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select * from nls_database_parameters
select * from nls_database_parameters
'NLS_LANGUAGE' || 'NLS_TERRITORY' || 'NLS_CHARACTERSET' 即字符集。

14. 检查表空间的名称、状态及大小

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select t.tablespace_name, t.status, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
    from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
    where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name, t.status;
select t.tablespace_name, t.status, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
    from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
    where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name, t.status;

15. 检查每个表空间占用空间的大小

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Select Tablespace_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024
From Dba_Segments Group By Tablespace_Name;
Select Tablespace_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024
From Dba_Segments Group By Tablespace_Name;

16. 检查表空间物理文件的名称及大小

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select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

17. 查询表空间的剩余大小

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select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;

18. 检查表空间的使用情况

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SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

19. 检查表空间碎块状况

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col tablespace_name form a25
select tablespace_name, count(*) chunks,
max(bytes)/1024/1024 max_chunk,
sum(bytes)/1024/1024 total_space
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
col tablespace_name form. a25
select tablespace_name, count(*) chunks,
max(bytes)/1024/1024 max_chunk,
sum(bytes)/1024/1024 total_space
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
如果最大可用块(max_chunk)与总大小(total_space)相比太小，要考虑接合表空间碎片或重建某些数据库对象。碎片接合的方法: alter tablespace 表空间名 coalesce;

20. 检查回滚段名称、状态及大小

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select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;

21. 检查控制文件状态

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select * from v$controlfile;
select * from v$controlfile;

22. 检查日志文件状态

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select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$logfile;

23. 检查日志组信息

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select * from v$log;
select * from v$log;

24. 检查数据文件状态

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select file_name,status
from dba_data_files;
select file_name,status
from dba_data_files;

25. 检查数据文件存放路径

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col file_name format a50
select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name
from dba_data_files order by file_id;
col file_name format a50
select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name
from dba_data_files order by file_id;

26. 检查数据文件的自动增长控制

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select file_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;
select file_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;

27. 检查临时数据文件路径

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select file_name
from Dba_temp_files;
select file_name
from Dba_temp_files;

28. 检查闪回恢复区的路径

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select name from v$recovery_file_dest;
select name from v$recovery_file_dest;

29. 检查数据库库对象

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select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count#
from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

30. 检查数据库的版本　

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Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

VERSION
---------------
11.1.0.6.0
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

VERSION
---------------
11.1.0.6.0
依次为：版本号11、新特性版本号1、维护版本号0、普通的补丁设置号码6、特殊的平台补丁设置号码0

31. 检查数据库的创建日期和归档方式

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Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;

32. 检查当前所有对象

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select * from tab;
select * from tab;

33. 检查当前连接用户

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show user;
show user;

34. 检查已有用户：

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select username from dba_users;
select username from dba_users;

35. 检查所有表、索引、存储过程、触发器、包等对象的状态

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select owner,object_name,object_type
from dba_objects where status!='VALID'
and owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM';
select owner,object_name,object_type
from dba_objects where status!='VALID'
and owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM';

36. 检查当前用户的缺省表空间、临时表空间

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select username,default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from user_users;
select username,default_tablespace, temporary_tablespace from user_users;

37. 检查当前用户的角色

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select * from user_role_privs;
select * from user_role_privs;

38. 检查当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

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select * from user_sys_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs;
select * from user_sys_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs;

39. 检查用户下所有的表

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select * from user_tables;
select * from user_tables;

40. 检查各个表的大小

检查当前用户每个表占用空间的大小：

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Select Segment_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024
From User_Extents Group By Segment_Name
Select Segment_Name,Sum(bytes)/1024/1024
From User_Extents Group By Segment_Name
注：段名即表名

按数据对象大小排序

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Select Segment_Name,segment_type, Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 as MB
From User_Extents
Group By Segment_Name, segment_type
Order by MB
Select Segment_Name,segment_type, Sum(bytes)/1024/1024 as MB
From User_Extents
Group By Segment_Name, segment_type
Order by MB

41. 检查某表的创建时间

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select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');
select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');

42. 检查名称包含log字符的表

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select object_name,object_id from user_objects
where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
select object_name,object_id from user_objects
     where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;

43. 检查某表的大小

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select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
     where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

44. 检查放在内存区里的表

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select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;

45. 检查索引个数和类别

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select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;

46. 检查索引中被索引的字段

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select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');

47. 检查索引的大小

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select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
     where segment_name=upper('&index_name');

48. 检查是否有失效的索引

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select index_name, owner, table_name, tablespace_name
from dba_indexes
where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') and status != 'VALID';
select index_name, owner, table_name, tablespace_name
from dba_indexes
where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') and status != 'VALID';
如果有记录返回，考虑重建这些索引。

49. 检查是否有无效的对象

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select object_name,      object_type,      owner,      status
from dba_objects
where status !='VALID'
and owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM')
and object_type in  ('TRIGGER','VIEW','PROCEDURE','FUNCTION');
select object_name,      object_type,      owner,      status
from dba_objects
where status !='VALID'
and owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM')
and object_type in  ('TRIGGER','VIEW','PROCEDURE','FUNCTION');
如果存在无效的对象，手工重新编译一下。

50. 检查序列号

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select * from user_sequences;
select * from user_sequences;
last_number是当前值

51. 检查序列号的使用

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select sequence_owner, sequence_name, min_value,
max_value, increment_by, last_number,
cache_size, cycle_flag from dba_sequences;
select sequence_owner, sequence_name, min_value,
max_value, increment_by, last_number,
cache_size, cycle_flag from dba_sequences;
检查是否存在即将达到max_value的sequence 。

52. 检查视图的名称

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select view_name from user_views;
select view_name from user_views;

53. 检查创建视图的select语句

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set view_name,text_length from user_views;
set long 2000;                --说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
set view_name,text_length from user_views;
set long 2000;                --说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');

54. 检查同义词的名称

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select * from user_synonyms;
select * from user_synonyms;

55. 检查某表的约束条件

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select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
     from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
order by cc.position;
select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
     from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
 from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
 where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
 and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
 order by cc.position;

56. 检查函数和过程的状态

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select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';

57. 检查函数和过程的源代码

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select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
select text from all_source where wner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');

58. 检查当前数据库有几个用户连接

用系统管理员权限执行，

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select username,sid,serial#, machine, status from v$session;
select username,sid,serial#, machine, status from v$session;
USERNAME：建立该会话的用户名；
SID：会话(session)的ID号；
SERIAL#：会话的序列号，和SID一起用来唯一标识一个会话；
PROGRAM：这个会话是用什么工具连接到数据库的；
MACHINE：这个会话是从哪台电脑连过来的
STATUS 当前这个会话的状态，ACTIVE表示会话正在执行某些任务，INACTIVE表示当前会话没有执行任何操作；

如果要停某个连接用

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SQL> alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
SQL> alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';
如果这命令不行,找它UNIX的进程数

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SQL> select pro.spid
    from v$session ses,v$process pro
    where ses.sid=21 and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
SQL> select pro.spid
	from v$session ses,v$process pro
	where ses.sid=21 and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
说明：21是某个连接的sid数

然后用 kill 命令杀此进程号。

59. 检查定时作业的完成情况

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select job,log_user,last_date,failures
from dba_jobs;

select  job, this_date, this_sec, next_date, next_sec, failures, what
from dba_jobs where failures !=0 or failures is not null;
select job,log_user,last_date,failures
from dba_jobs;

select  job, this_date, this_sec, next_date, next_sec, failures, what
from dba_jobs where failures !=0 or failures is not null;
如果FAILURES列是一个大于0的数的话，说明JOB运行失败，要进一步的检查。