云原生监控体系建设

 监控系统建设思维导图

 

可观测

1. 监控系统

Prometheus + grafana + alert

搭建方法网上很多，忽略。

2. 日志系统

loki，官方文档之外，可以参考“云原生小白”写的一系列loki的文章。https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_49366475

3. 链路追踪（未实现）

Jaeger，eBPF(https://developer.aliyun.com/article/875115?utm_content=g_1000329007)

 

可感知

监控以及告警规则使用k8s-sidecar配置，注册config-map，agent和alert监控该config-map名进行reload操作。

k8s-sidecat项目地址：https://github.com/kiwigrid/k8s-sidecar

1. 告警规则

NODE告警

nodealertrules:  groups:  - name: node_monitor    rules:    - alert: node_status      expr: up == 0      for: 5m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}}:不可用"        description: "{{$labels.instance}}:状态为down超过5分钟"        - alert: CPU_critical      expr: 100-(avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by(ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job)* 100) > 80 and count(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='system'}) by (ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job) > 1      for: 10m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: critical      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}} CPU使用率过高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance }} CPU使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: CPU_softirq      expr: avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="softirq"}[5m])) by(ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job)* 100 >40 and count(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='system'}) by (ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job) > 1      for: 10m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:         summary: "{{$labels.instance}} CPU软中断si使用率过高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance }} CPU软中断si使用率大于40%(目前使用:{{$value}}%),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: CPU_load5      expr: avg(node_load5) by (ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job) - count(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='system'}) by (ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job) *2 > 0 and count(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='system'}) by (ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup,instance,job) > 1      for: 10m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:         summary: "{{$labels.instance}} CPU负载高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance }} CPU平均负载持续10分钟超过CPU核数2倍(目前超过:{{$value}}),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: HostOutOfMemory      expr: node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 < 10      for: 3m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}} 内存使用率过高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance}} 内存剩余小于10%(目前剩余:{{$value}}%),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: HostOomKillDetected      expr: increase(node_vmstat_oom_kill[1m]) > 0      for: 0m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{ $labels.instance }}出现OOM"        description: "{{ $labels.instance }}出现OOM，出现{{$value}}次,{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"            - alert: IO      expr: irate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total{device=~"vd.*"}[1m]) *100 > 40      for: 5m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}} 磁盘I/O耗时高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance }} 磁盘I/O操作耗时占比大于40%(目前使用:{{$value}}),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: mount_error      expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"})) > 80      for: 1m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}} {{$labels.mountpoint}} 磁盘分区使用率过高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance}} {{$labels.mountpoint }} 磁盘分区使用大于80%(目前使 青海党性培训 www.xjuganxun.com 用:{{$value}}%),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"        - alert: mount_critical      expr: (node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext.*|xfs"})) > 95      for: 1m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: critical      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.instance}} {{$labels.mountpoint}} 磁盘分区使用率过高！"        description: "{{$labels.instance}} {{$labels.mountpoint }} 磁盘分区使用大于95%(目前使用:{{$value}}%),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"    - alert: HostConntrackLimit      expr: node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit > 0.8      for: 5m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 连接数接近limit值"        description: "{{ $labels.instance }} 连接跟踪的数量与limit的比值大于0.8(目前使用:{{$value}}),{{$labels.ks_ops_haique_tech_com_nodegroup}}"

POD告警

podalertrules:  groups:  - name: pod_monitor    rules:    - alert: pod_cpu      expr: sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{container !="",container!="POD"}[2m])) by (container, pod) / sum(kube_pod_container_resource_limits{resource="cpu",unit="core",container !="",container!="POD"} > 0) by (container, pod) * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: warning      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.pod}}:cpu使用率高于80%"        description: "{{$labels.pod}},{{$labels.container}},cpu使用率{{$value}}%"    - alert: pod_mem      expr: sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{container !="",container!="POD"}) by (container, pod) / sum(container_spec_memory_limit_bytes{container !="",container!="POD"} > 0) by (container, pod) * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: warning      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.pod}}:mem使用率高于80%"        description: "{{$labels.pod}},{{$labels.container}},mem使用率{{$value}}%"    - alert: pod_restartNum      expr: increase(kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{container!="POD"}[3h])> 3      for: 0m      labels:        ds: 32        severity: error      annotations:        summary: "{{$labels.pod}}:容器经常重启"        description: "{{$labels.pod}},{{$labels.container}},重启近3小时重启次数大于3,共重启{{$value}}次"

 

可预测

可参考我另一篇文章。

使用z-score异常检测算法进行监控告警 - 沄持的学习记录 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)