今天刚学习了struts2的valueStack,在这里把自己学到的做个分享,说道valueStack就不得不提OGNL表达式===
struts2工作流程
1.OGNL(Object Graph Navigation Language)对象导航图语言
Struts2框架使用OGNL作为默认的表达式语言,OGNL(Object Graph Navigation Language),是一种表达式语言,目的是为了在不能写Java代码的地方执行java代码;主要作用是用来存数据和取数据的。
2 valueStack
valueStack是struts2的值栈空间,是struts2存储数据的空间
Strut2的Action类通过属性可以获得所有请求相关的值,要在Action类中声明与参数同名的属性或者以类名小写加属性名如:user.name,就可以获得这些参数值,在Struts2调用Action类的Action方法(默认是execute方法)之前,就会为相应的Action属性赋值。这项功能Struts2要依赖于ValueStack对象来实现,每个Action类的对象实例会拥有一个ValueStack对象,这个对象贯穿整个Action的生命周期,
当Struts2接收到一个请求后,会先建立Action类的对象实例,但并不会立即调用Action方法,而是先将Action类的相应属性放到ValueStack实现类ONGLValueStack对象root对象的顶层节点。只是所有的属性值都是默认的值,如String类型的属性值为null,int类型的属性值为0等。在处理完上述工作后,Struts 2就会调用拦截器链中的拦截器,这些拦截器会根据用户请求参数值去更新ValueStack对象顶层节点的相应属性的值,最后会传到Action对象,并将ValueStack对象中的属性值,赋给Action类的相应属性。当调用完所有的拦截器后,才会调用Action类的Action方法。ValueStack会在请求开始时被创建,请求结束时消亡。
3.valueStack底层相关的数据结构
CompoundRoot是继承了Arraylist的集合,里面存放Action的实例、代理对象、自定义对象(Student)等数据
5 代码展示valueStack
需求:通过页面跳转到指定的Action的方法中,在方法中通过
创建student实体类
package com.xsh.pojo; public class Student { private String name; public Student(String name) { super(); this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
struts.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/> <package name="default" namespace="/user" extends="struts-default"> <action name="login" class="com.xsh.test.LoginAction" method="execute"> <result>/success.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
Action类
package com.xsh.test; import java.util.Map; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack; import com.xsh.pojo.Student; public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport { public String execute(){ System.out.println("进入方法====="); Map<String, Object> session = ActionContext.getContext().getSession(); session.put("sessionName", "sessionName"); Map<String, Object> request = (Map<String, Object>) ActionContext.getContext().get("request"); request.put("requestName", "requestName"); Map<String, Object> application = ActionContext.getContext().getApplication(); application.put("applicationName", "applicationName"); ValueStack valueStack = (ValueStack) request.get("struts.valueStack");//通过request对象获得valueStack对象
System.out.println("valueStack的值======"); valueStack.getRoot().add(new Student("小白白"));//向valueStack的root属性中添加自定义值
System.out.println(valueStack); return SUCCESS; } }
strut2的底层getroot()是接口ValueStack 定义的方法,返回CompoundRoot继承了Arraylist的集合
/** * Get the CompoundRoot which holds the objects pushed onto the stack * * @return the root */ public abstract CompoundRoot getRoot();
/** * A Stack that is implemented using a List. * * @author plightbo * @version $Revision$ */ public class CompoundRoot extends ArrayList { public CompoundRoot() { } public CompoundRoot(List list) { super(list); } public CompoundRoot cutStack(int index) { return new CompoundRoot(subList(index, size())); } public Object peek() { return get(0); } public Object pop() { return remove(0); } public void push(Object o) { add(0, o); } }
登录实现跳转页面login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <h1><a href="user/login">Check ValueStack</a></h1> </body> </html>
跳转成功页面success.jsp
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'success.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %> </head> <body> <h1><s:debug/></h1> </body> </html>
点击查看ValueStack,标题进入旋转状态(前提在代码内打好断点),查看断电是的valueStack的状态,如图
在debug模式中,f6,继续查看变化,通过getRoot()方法获得的集合对象的add方法添加的Student方法已经添加到
5.运输处结果
打印ValueStack对象的hash码是OnglValueStack,查看ObglValueStack类
可知:
a.OgnlValueStack实现了ValueStack的接口
b.属性root是 CompoundRoot类型,CompoundRoot继承了Arraylist的集合
c.context是一个Map<String, Object>类型的集合
d.通过Context的get(key)方法获得的Session、request、Application对象还是还是一个Map<String, Object>类型的集合
/** * Ognl implementation of a value stack that allows for dynamic Ognl expressions to be evaluated against it. When evaluating an expression, * the stack will be searched down the stack, from the latest objects pushed in to the earliest, looking for a bean with a getter or setter * for the given property or a method of the given name (depending on the expression being evaluated). * * @author Patrick Lightbody * @author tm_jee * @version $Date$ $Id$ */ public class OgnlValueStack implements Serializable, ValueStack, ClearableValueStack, MemberAccessValueStack { public static final String THROW_EXCEPTION_ON_FAILURE = OgnlValueStack.class.getName() + ".throwExceptionOnFailure"; private static final long serialVersionUID = 370737852934925530L; private static final String MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY = "com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlValueStack.MAP_IDENTIFIER_KEY"; private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OgnlValueStack.class); CompoundRoot root; transient Map<String, Object> context; Class defaultType; Map<Object, Object> overrides; transient OgnlUtil ognlUtil; transient SecurityMemberAccess securityMemberAccess; private boolean devMode;