新视野大学英语第三版 读写（2020.12.05）

words in use

Unit 1

1.Most cities in the country have introduced “Clean Air Zones” whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.
该国大多数城市都引入了“清洁空气区”，因此工厂和家庭只能燃烧无烟燃料。
2.He knows that the pursuit of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort.
他知道追求社会地位会耗费他大量的时间和精力。
3.The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to inhibit the spread of the disease.
医生们不知所措，因为到目前为止还没有发现抑制疾病传播的药物
4.We see many special education directors trying to maintain
he quality of their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.
我们看到许多特殊教育主管试图用少得多的钱和少得多的员工来保持他们项目的质量。
5.People there are told it is their patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying their own products.
那里的人们被告知，通过购买自己的产品来支持国民经济是他们的爱国责任。
6.Darwin’s thinking both drew upon and transcended the conventional ideas of his time.
达尔文的思想吸收并超越了他那个时代的传统观念。
7.In spite of all your endeavor there may be times when you encounter difficulties in the training process.
尽管你尽了最大努力，但在训练过程中还是会遇到一些困难。
8.My advice to Mr. Stewart is to think carefully before entering into a career in medicine, as this is a field which requires a lot of dedication and long working hours.
我给斯图尔特先生的建议是，在进入医学职业之前要仔细考虑，因为这是一个需要大量奉献和长时间工作的领域。
9.Most Chinese parents would prefer to choose some professions that are stable and could bring prestige and economic benefits.
大多数中国父母更愿意选择一些稳定的、能带来声望和经济利益的职业。

10.It is legally possible for an elderly person to nominate someone to act for them, should they become incapable of looking after themselves.
如果老年人变得不能照顾自己，从法律上讲，他们可以指定一个人来代表他们。

Unit 2

1.intervene 2.underestimate 3.recede 4.deem 5.bleak 6.appraise 7.paralyzed 8. symptoms 9. dismay 10. brink
1、Kids are more likely to intervene in a situation if they believe their parents expect them to help.
如果孩子相信父母希望他们能帮助他们，他们更容易干预这种情况.
2、The first lesson I learned as a newcomer for the company was never to underestimate the degree of difficulty I would face in career advancement.
作为一个新来的公司，我学到的第一个教训是永远不要低估我在职业发展中所面临的困难的程度。
3、Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well, the illness began to recede.
正当我开始觉得我永远不会好，病情开始好转。
4、Whatever the decision is, I would like you to know that your department is my first choice and I deem it a great honor if I could study in your department.
无论决定是什么，我想让你知道，你的部门是我的第一选择，我认为这是一个伟大的荣誉，如果我可以在你的部门。
5、During one particularly bleak moment in my career, a senior colleague of mine said to me “If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you’ll lose your dreams.”
在我职业生涯中的一个特别黯淡的时刻，我的一位高级同事对我说“如果你按照你的梦想，钱会来的。跟着钱，你会失去你的梦想。”
6、Unless we can find a way to appraise nature and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse.
除非我们能找到一种评价自然的方法，然后投资于保护它，我们的基本生命支持系统将崩溃。
7、The blizzard moved south, turning into an icy rain that paralyzed the airports for three days.
暴风雪向南移动，变成了一个冰冷的雨，使机场瘫痪了三天。
8、In this introduction we have diagnosed some of the causes of the illness and, in the following chapters, we will draw attention to its various unpleasant symptoms.
在这篇介绍中，我们已经诊断出了一些疾病的原因，在下面的章节中，我们将提请注意其各种不愉快的症状。
9、In those days, divorce under any circumstances was socially unacceptable and there was great dismay in the family who went through it.
在那些日子里，在任何情况下，离婚都是社会不可接受的，并有很大的沮丧，在家庭中，经历了它
10Every time she talked about being rejected in her hunt for a job, she seemed on the brink of tears, and I would quickly switch the conversation to another topic.
每当她谈到被拒绝在寻找工作时，她似乎都在流泪的边缘，我会很快切换到另一个话题的谈话。

Unit 4

compulsory contemplate imprisoned globalize offset
groan stubborn cluster ambiguity consoled
1、Although secondary education is compulsory , parents are not required to send their children to state schools.
虽然中等教育是义务教育，但父母不需要送孩子去公立学校。
2、The economic situation has been worsening, causing economists to contemplate whether the present policies are sustainable.
经济形势一直在恶化，这使得经济学家们开始思考目前的政策是否可持续。
3、He was found guilty and was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died very quickly, aged only 47.
他被判有罪，并被监禁在伦敦塔，在那里他很快死去，年仅47岁。
4、It is obvious that the future of the Internet the is to globalize more and more areas of the world, and that e-commerce and e-entertainment are going to go for more and more markets.
很明显，互联网的未来将使世界上越来越多的地区全球化，电子商务和电子娱乐将走向越来越多的市场。
5、However, your current losses should soon be offset by gains; the fund will produce a positive return of 11.6 percent over a nine-month period.
然而，你目前的损失很快就会被收益抵消；该基金将在9个月内产生11.6%的正回报。
6、Because she was so tall and slim, all the clothes looked marvelous on her and the other girls would groan their envy.
因为她又高又瘦，所有的衣服在她身上看起来都很棒，其他女孩都会嫉妒得呻吟。
7、This can be a helpful approach in discussion - someone may regard you as stubborn since you never want to change your mind, whereas you see yourself as determined.
这可能是一种有益的讨论方式——有人可能会认为你很固执，因为你从来不想改变主意，而你却认为自己很坚定。
8、On weekends, the school parking lot is almost empty except that a few cars cluster near the entrance.
周末，学校停车场几乎空无一人，除了入口处有几辆车聚集在一起。
9、In the photographer’s finest pictures there is also a degree of ambiguity ,which allows them to be interpreted in a variety of ways.
在摄影师最好的照片中也有一定程度的模糊性，这使得他们可以用多种方式来解释。
10、Tim stretched out a hand in apology for his thoughtless remarks and was consoled by a firm handshake from Mark.
蒂姆伸出一只手为他轻率的话道歉，马克坚定的握手安慰了他。

Unit 5

gauged dedicated commonplace suffice revenue
simultaneous incentive prone innovation fostered
1、The general considered all the information that had been gathered and gauged what possible moves the enemy might make before issuing his orders.
将军考虑了收集到的所有信息，并在发布命令前衡量了敌人可能采取的行动。
2、The new president said she would dedicated herself to protecting the rights of the old and the homeless, who are otherwise helpless and vulnerable.
新总统说，她将致力于保护老年人和无家可归者的权利，否则他们将是无助和脆弱的。
3、Cell phone conversations, which are fairly commonplace on commuter trains, can be annoying to fellow commuters.
在通勤列车上相当常见的手机通话可能会让通勤者感到厌烦。
4、Ask your doctor whether a low-fat diet and a daily walk will suffice to reduce your high blood pressure.
问问你的医生低脂饮食和每天散步是否足以降低你的高血压。
5、The revenue from tourism is the biggest single contribution to GDP in the Maldives; every year many tourists from all corners of the world spend their holidays there.
旅游业收入是马尔代夫国内生产总值的最大单一贡献；每年许多来自世界各地的游客在那里度假。
6、Since the beginning of this century, China has built many modern conference centers with underground parking, air-conditioning and simultaneous translation systems.
自本世纪初以来，中国建造了许多配有地下停车场、空调和同声传译系统的现代会议中心。
7、While advertising offers a stimulus (刺激) to buy, sales promotion offers a(n) incentive to buy, but consumers must have their own reason to buy.
广告提供刺激为了购买，促销活动提供了一种激励购买，但消费者必须有自己的购买理由。

8、In general, smokers living in cities are slightly more prone to lung cancer than smokers who are living in the country.
总的来说，生活在城市的吸烟者比生活在农村的吸烟者更容易患肺癌。
9、A large proportion of important innovation are brought about by people who step outside of conventional categories or traditional assumptions.
很大一部分重要的创新是由超越传统范畴或传统假设的人带来的。
10The habit of going to coffee houses was fostered by the city’s relatively small size, safe streets, good public transportation, and moderate climate.
这座城市相对较小的面积、安全的街道、良好的公共交通和温和的气候培养了去咖啡馆的习惯。

Unit 8

Indignation provocative militant overlap conferring
Defiance hesitant milestone cradled preaching
1、He could hardly control his indignation at the conditions under which the miners were forced to work, without water and enough food.
他无法控制自己对矿工被迫在没有水和足够食物的情况下工作的愤怒。
2、Both sides were very careful when drafting the ceasefire agreements; they wanted to prevent any actions that could be considered provocative by either side.
双方在起草停火协议时都非常谨慎；他们想阻止任何一方认为挑衅的行为。
3、She has always had a(n) militant personality; she is always prepared and ready to do battle when she believes that the cause is right.
她一直有好斗的个性；当她相信事业是正确的时候，她总是准备好战斗。
4、News stories overlap morning paper headlines take account of the previous evening’s radio and TV stories, and the electronic media pick up items from the daily press.
新闻报道与晨报的标题重叠，考虑到了前一天晚上的广播和电视报道，电子媒体从日报上获取新闻。
5、Lucy stretched up to kiss her dad’s cheek lightly, and he patted his daughter as if he was conferring an honor to her.
露西伸手轻吻她父亲的脸颊，他拍拍女儿，好像是在向她致敬。
6、Inspired by Martin Luther King’s famous speech, “I Have a Dream", thousands of people went out onto the streets to support the civil rights movement in defiance of the curfew.
受马丁·路德·金著名演讲“我有一个梦想”的启发，数千人不顾宵禁，走上街头支持民权运动。
7、Beth was hesitant about visiting his ex-boy friend; she worried that he might refuse to talk to her.
贝丝对拜访他的前男友犹豫不决；她担心他会拒绝和她说话。
8、When humans first traveled into outer space, it was as revolutionary a(n ) milestone human culture as the invention of the wheel.
当人类第一次进入外层空间时，它和轮子的发明一样是人类文化的革命性里程碑。
9、Perplexed, she turned and noticed her husband had collapsed and was slumped on the floor behind the counter. She rushed to him and cradled his head in her arms.
不知所措，她转过身，注意到她的丈夫昏倒了 他站在柜台后面。她冲向他，把他的头抱在怀里。
10、Health experts are now preaching that even a little exercise, such as doing housework or light gardening, is far better than none at all.
健康专家现在正在鼓吹，哪怕是一点点锻炼，比如做家务或者轻松的园艺，都比没有好得多。

英译汉

Unit 1

英译中原文：Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community’s values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things.In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages usto recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.
Keys：世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，任何个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动，世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自信，积极推动世界的发展。

Unit 2

英译中原文：The American Dream is a national ethos(精神特质)of the United States. The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. The idea of an American Dream is older than the US, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has changed over the course of history, including both personal components and a global vision. But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing. Some people believe that the structure of society in the US prevents such an idealistic goal for everyone. Critics often point to examples of inequality rooted in class, race, religion and ethnicity that suggest that the American Dream is not attainable for everyone.
Keys：美国梦是美利坚合众国的民族精神。该词有各种各样的用法，但其根本含义是，在美国任何人都可以通过努力获得成功，都有可能过上幸福而成功的生活口许多人对美国梦的概念加以拓展和提炼，涵盖了像自由，自我实现和深厚的人际关系等方面的内容。美国梦的思想比美国本身更为久远，可以追溯到17世纪，当时的欧洲移民面对这一新发现的、未经开发的广裹大陆，开始纷纷怀揣希望，追逐梦想。随着历史的发展，美国梦的含义也已改变，既包含了个人元素，也包含了全局视野。但并不是每个人都对美国梦持肯定态度。一些人认为美国的社会结构决定了不是每个人都能拥有这样的理想目标。批评者常常举以实例，揭露植根于阶级、种族、宗教和民族的不平等现象，指出美国梦并非每个人都可企及。

Unit 3

英译中原文：Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments. His natural genius, which crossed multiple disciplines, won him the title of"Renaissance Master". Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter.Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo’s drawings unique are mainly his innovative techniques and acute scientific mind. Perhaps only 15 of his paintingshave survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniquesmade his total output quite small. Although not a prolific(多产的)painter, Leonardo was a mostproductive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawings, and diagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci’s manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention. Leonard’s genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook. His paintings, together with his notebooks, havecontributed significantly to the history of art.
Keys：莱奥纳多·达·芬奇是意大利文艺复兴时期最伟大的思想家之一，也许也是迄 今最多才多艺的人。他是画家、雕刻家、建筑家、数学家、工程师和发明家，因成就广泛而闻名。他的天赋跨越多个领域，为其赢得了“文艺复兴大师的称号”。莱奥纳多主要作为画家而着名。在其所有作品中，《蒙娜丽莎》最为有名，而《最后的晚餐》则是历来复制最多的宗教画作。莱奥纳多作品的独特之处主要在于其创新性的技巧和敏锐的科学思维。他的画作大约只有15幅流传了下来，其部分原因是他不断试验新的技巧，所以作品总量很小。莱奥纳多虽然不是多产画家，却是一位最高产的绘图家，他在日记中画满了各种草图、图画和图表。这此笔记通常被称为达.芬奇手稿，记录了他的各种发明、观察，以及他对自己感兴趣的事物提出的理论。莱奥纳多的天赋使他几乎在涉足的每一领域都成了先驱。他的画作，连同他的笔记，在艺术史上贡献斐然。

Unit 4

英译中原文：Venice is the world’s famous island city in northern Italy. Founded in the 5th century, Venice became a major maritime power in the 10th century. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city, a leader in political and economic affairs. After several hundred years in power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century. Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the world’s most beautiful cities and one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Venice has a rich and diverse architectural style, the most famous of which is the Gothic style. Venice is also known for several important artistic movements in history, especially the Renaissance period. The influence of Venice on the development of architecture and arts has been considerable. Today, it is still playing an important role in contemporary arts and popular cultures. In 1987, Venice was listed as a World Heritage Site. In March 1980, Venice became a sister city of China’s Suzhou City.

Keys：威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界闻名的岛城。威尼斯建立于公元5世纪，在公元10世纪时成为一支重要的海上力量。在中世纪和文艺复兴时期，威尼斯曾是重要的商贸中心，是当时欧洲极为富裕的城市，在政治和经济事务中居领导地位。几百年的兴盛之后，威尼斯在15世纪开始衰落。如今，威尼斯被公认为是全世界最美的城市之一，也是全世界最重要的旅游胜地之一。威尼斯的建筑风格丰富多样，其中最出名的是哥特式风格。威尼斯还因历史上的几次重要的艺术运动而闻名，特别是文艺复兴时期。威尼斯对建筑和艺术的发展影响巨大。至今，威尼斯仍对现代艺术和流行文化的发展起着重要作用。1987年，威尼斯被列入《世界遗产名录》。1980年3月，威尼斯与中国苏州结为“友好城市”。

Unit 5

英译中原文：The English ceremony of afternoon tea dates back to the 1840s. The tradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded tea drinking in Britain before that time. Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost. The habit of having afternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later. In those days, the British ate only two daily

Unit 8

英译中原文：The New Year’s Concert of the ViennaPhilharmonic (爱乐乐团) is a concert ofclassical musicthat takes place each year inthe morning of New Year’s Day in Vienna,Austria.The music always includes piecesfrom the Strauss family- with occasionaladditional music from other main Austriancomposers.The demand for tickets is sohigh that people have to pre-register oneyearin advance in order to participate inthe drawing of tickets for the followingyear.The popularity of the concerts canbe attributed to the creative energy of thecompositions of the Strauss Dynasty,as wellas their authoritative interpretations.Theseconcerts not only delight the audiences in theMusikverein( 金色大厅) in Vienna,but alsoenjoy great international popularity throughthe worldwide television broadcast,whichnow reaches over 90 countries.Originatingduring the darkest chapter in Austria’shistory,these concerts convey the desire of thePhilharmonic not only to provide musicallydefinitive interpretations of the masterworksof this genre,but at the same time,as musicalambassadors of Austria,to send people allover the world a New Year’ greeting in thespirit of hope,friendship and peace.

汉译英

Unit 1

如今，很多年轻人不再选择稳定的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧 和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业( young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看， 对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量:尤其是在当前、国家技励大众创业、万众年政施上给于中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。
Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future,. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people’s enthusiasm to start their own businesses.

Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs.
如今，很多年轻人不再选择稳定的工作，

Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts.
他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。

Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future,.
青年创业( young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源，

The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people’s life, but it is also good for the country in the long term.
创业者成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看， 对于国家更是一件好事，

Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China’s economy.
创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量

Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses.
尤其是在当前、国家技励大众创业、万众年政施上给于中小企业支持，

This further arouses young people’s enthusiasm to start their own businesses.
这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。

Unit 2（复兴）

实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation ）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。
Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modem times. It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort. People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people. Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.

Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modem times.
实现中华民族伟大复兴（rejuvenation ）是近代以来中国人民最伟大的梦想，

It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort.
其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦，是让每一个积极进取的中国人形成世世代代的信念：只要经过不懈的奋斗便能获得更好的生活。

People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people.
人们必须通过自己的勤奋、勇气、创意和决心迈向繁荣，而不是依赖于社会和他人的援助。

Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.
每个中国人都是中国梦的参与者和创造者。中国梦是民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。

Unit 3

水墨画( ink and wash painting)是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意象，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。
Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting. Example brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese paintings, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.

Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting.
水墨画( ink and wash painting)是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中国国画的代表。

It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties.
它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，

With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection.
距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。

The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting.Example brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings.
水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。

For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness.
例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。

The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects.
这样的水墨渗透，使水墨与水墨的独特渗透效果得以实现。

Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese paintings, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.
水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。

Unit 4

丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山脚下，是一座风景秀丽的历史文化名城，也是我国保存完好的少数民族古城之一。丽江古城始建于南宋，距今约有800年的历史。丽江不仅历史悠久，而且民族众多，少数民族人口占全区人口的半数以，上。随着丽江旅游业的发展。到丽江古城观光游览的中外游客日益增多。1997年12日，面江古城申报世界文化遗产获得成地地社了中国在世界文化进产中无历史文化名城的空白。
Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourist from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, fling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.

Ljiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province.
丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。

The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture.
丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山脚下，是一座风景秀丽的历史文化名城，

It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities.
也是我国保存完好的少数民族古城之一。

The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now.
丽江古城始建于南宋，距今约有800年的历史。

Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region.
丽江不仅历史悠久，而且民族众多，少数民族人口占全区人口的半数以上。

With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourist from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, fling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.
随着丽江旅游业的发展。到丽江古城观光游览的中外游客日益增多。1997年12日，面江古城申报世界文化遗产获得成地地社了中国在世界文化进产中无历史文化名城的空白。

Unit 5

中国是茶的故乡.也是茶文化的发源地。自古以来，策就被誉为中华民族的“国饮”。无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”.还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品。同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。凡是来了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器样， 已经成为国在全世界的代名词。
China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the “national drink” of China. In both the Chinese scholars’ seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people’s seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import teas from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has synonymous with China in the world.

China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture.
中国是茶的故乡.也是茶文化的发源地。

Since ancient times, tea has been known as the “national drink” of China.
自古以来，策就被誉为中华民族的“国饮”。

In both the Chinese scholars’ seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people’s seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities.
无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”.还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品

Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy.
同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。

The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends.
凡是来了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。

With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world.
随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。
Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import teas from China.
现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。

Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has synonymous with China in the world.
中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器样， 已经成为国在全世界的代名词。

Unit 8

中央电视台春节联欢晚会(简称“春晚")。自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚"已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一.种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化。“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。
The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though it’s hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they can’t live without. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Correspondingly, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.

The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people.
中央电视台春节联欢晚会(简称“春晚")。自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。

Though it’s hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they can’t live without.
虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚"已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。
The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label,and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to.
春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一.种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。

With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands.
随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化。

Correspondingly, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.
“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。