oracle的回闪查询

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 10:37:31 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 10:37:31 发布

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文章标签：数据库

oracle回闪查询的新特性

从oracle9i开始,oracle开始提供回闪查询特性(flashback query),允许将回滚段中的数据进行回闪,通过下面的例子来看一下这个从oracle9i开始提供的新特性.

SQL> update emp set sal=4000 where empno=7788;

1 row updated.

SQL> update emp set sal=4000 where empno=7782;

1 row updated.

SQL> update emp set sal=4000 where empno=7698;

1 row updated.

先不提交这个事务,在另外窗口新开session,使用sys用户查询相关信息,进行进一步的分析

获得事务信息

从事务表中可以获得关于这个事务的信息,该事务位于9号回滚段(XIDUSN),在9号回滚段

上,该事务位于第29号事务槽(XIDSLOT):

SQL> select xidusn,xidslot,xidsqn,ubablk,ubafil,ubarec from v$transaction;

XIDUSN XIDSLOT XIDSQN UBABLK UBAFIL UBAREC

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

9 29 385 1350 2 22

从v$rollstat视图中也可获得事务信息,xacts字段代表的是活动事务的数量,同样看到该事务

位于9号回滚段

SQL> select usn,writes,rssize,xacts,hwmsize,shrinks,wraps from v$rollstat;

USN WRITES RSSIZE XACTS HWMSIZE SHRINKS WRAPS

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

0 7620 385024 0 385024 0 0

1 21390 29351936 0 29351936 0 0

2 22108 3268608 0 3268608 0 0

3 29954 450560 0 450560 0 0

4 23700 843776 0 843776 0 0

5 23334 450560 0 450560 0 0

6 21082 450560 0 450560 0 0

7 23146 2285568 0 2285568 0 0

8 28742 843776 0 843776 0 1

9 22648 2088960 1 2088960 0 0

10 24326 2220032 0 2220032 0 0

11 rows selected.

这是执行alter system dump datafile 2 block 1350

转储的回滚表空间中的数据块的信息的一部分

*-----------------------------

* Rec #0x1d slt: 0x24 objn: 517(0x00000205) objd: 517 tblspc: 0(0x00000000)

* Layer: 11 (Row) opc: 1 rci 0x00

Undo type: Regular undo Begin trans Last buffer split: No

Temp Object: No

Tablespace Undo: No

rdba: 0x00000000

*-----------------------------

uba: 0x00800546.0129.1b ctl max scn: 0x0000.000e4e9c prv tx scn: 0x0000.000e4ea6

txn start scn: scn: 0x0000.000e7526 logon user: 0

prev brb: 8389956 prev bcl: 0

KDO undo record:

KTB Redo

op: 0x04 ver: 0x01

op: L itl: xid: 0x0006.016.0000015d uba: 0x00800419.00fe.11

flg: C--- lkc: 0 scn: 0x0000.000e7524

KDO Op code: URP row dependencies Disabled

xtype: XAxtype KDO_KDOM2 flags: 0x00000080 bdba: 0x0040100f hdba: 0x00401001

itli: 2 ispac: 0 maxfr: 4863

tabn: 0 slot: 116(0x74) flag: 0x2c lock: 0 ckix: 191

ncol: 9 nnew: 7 size: 0

Vector content:

col 2: [ 2] c1 0a

col 3: [ 2] c1 0a

col 4: [ 1] 80

col 5: [ 1] 80

col 6: [ 1] 80

col 7: [ 1] 80

col 8: [ 7] 78 71 01 07 0b 07 34

先注意到这里存在一个信息ctl max scn: 0x0000.000e4e9c,这个转换为scn值就是:

SQL> select (to_number('000','xxxx')*power(2,32)+to_number('e4e9c','xxxxxxxx')) scn

from dual;

SCN

----------

937628

查询一下当前数据的scn:

SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from dual;

SCN

----------

949630

SQL>

通过特定的语法,可以将scn 937628的历史状态数据查询出来:

SQL> select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698);

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.00 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.00 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 10.00 20

SQL>

在查询结果中,注意到3名员工的薪水恢复到了之前的状态.而在当前的查询中,这个数据是变化

后的4000:

SQL> select * from scott.emp where empno in(7788,7782,7698);

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 4000.00 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 4000.00 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 4000.00 20

由于这个查询需要从undo中获限前镜像信息,如果undo中的信息被覆盖,则以上查询将会失败.

测试一下,当新建undo表空间,切换undo表空间,再将原表空间offline之后:

SQL> create undo tablespace undotbs2 datafile

2 '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/jingyong/undotbs02.dbf' size 10M;

Tablespace created

SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs2;

System altered.

SQL> alter tablespace undotbs1 offline;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter session set events='immediate trace name flush_cache';

Session altered.

再来查询,此时出现错误,记录该文件已经不可读取:

SQL> select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698);

select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698)

ORA-00376: file 2 cannot be read at this time

ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradata/jingyong/undotbs01.dbf'

将undotbs1重新启用:

SQL> alter tablespace undotbs1 online;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;

System altered.

此时前镜像信息再次可以查询,

SQL> select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698);

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- --------- --------- ------

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-5-1 2850.00 30

7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-6-9 2450.00 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-4-19 10.00 20

如果在其他session中执行大量事务,使用前镜像信息被覆盖:

在执行其它大量事务之前观察回滚段的使用情况:

SQL> select usn,xacts,rssize,hwmsize from v$rollstat where usn=9;

USN XACTS RSSIZE HWMSIZE

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

9 0 2088960 2088960

SQL> begin

2 for i in 1..2000 loop

3 update scott.emp set sal=4000;

4 rollback;

5 end loop;

6 end;

7 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select usn,xacts,rssize,hwmsize from v$rollstat where usn=9;

USN XACTS RSSIZE HWMSIZE

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

9 1 4186112 4186112

SQL>

那么再次查询就可能会收到如下错误:

SQL> select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698);

select * from scott.emp as of scn 937628 where empno in(7788,7782,7698)

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01555: snapshot too old:rollback segment number 9 with name "_SYSSMU9$" too small

ORA-01555错误出现说明要查询的前镜偈信息已经丢失了.

使用errorstack进行错误跟踪

errorstack是oracle提供的接口用于诊断oracle的错误信息.

诊断事件可以在session级设置,也可以在系统级设置,通常如果要诊断全局错误,最好在

系统级设置.设置了errorstack事件之后,oracle会将出错时的信息记入跟踪文件中.

用户就可以通过跟踪文件进行错误诊断和排查.

可以通过errorstack事件来跟踪ora-01555错误:

OS Pid: 2928 executed alter session set events '1555 trace name errorstack level 4'

ORA-01555 caused by SQL statement below (SQL ID: bnaqc462nnjtb, Query Duration=0 sec, SCN: 0x0000.00068478):

Mon Jan 7 20:23:35 2013

select * from scott.emp as of scn 427128 where empno in(7788,7782,7698)

Mon Jan 7 20:23:35 2013

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/jingyong/udump/jingyong_ora_2928.trc:

ORA-01555: snapshot too old: rollback segment number 3 with name "???" too small

这里注意到,触发ora-01555错误的语句被记录,出现错误的scn也被记录,这个scn:0x0000.00068478

找到jingyong_ora_2928.trc跟踪文件,就可以获得关于这次错误的相关信息用于诊断.

错误信息如下

ksedmp: internal or fatal error

ORA-01555: snapshot too old: rollback segment number 3 with name "???" too small

Current SQL statement for this session:

select * from scott.emp as of scn 427128 where empno in(7788,7782,7698)

数据块信息,这里的块头就包含了ITL信息,根据这个ITL信息中的UBA,oracle可以定位回滚段.

查询前镜像信息,如果不存在,就可能出现ora-01555错误

Block header dump: 0x01000024

Object id on Block? Y

seg/obj: 0xc7cd csc: 0x00.6bfcb itc: 2 flg: E typ: 2 - INDEX

brn: 0 bdba: 0x1000021 ver: 0x01 opc: 0

inc: 0 exflg: 0

Itl Xid Uba Flag Lck Scn/Fsc

0x01 0x0000.000.00000000 0x00000000.0000.00 ---- 0 fsc 0x0000.00000000

0x02 0x0003.011.000000f2 0x00805794.00c8.4a --U- 14 fsc 0x0000.0006bfdb

oracle 10g回闪查询特性的增强

oracle9i提供的闪回特性增强,为恢复带来了极大的方便,但是oracle9i的回闪查询只能提供某个

时间点的数据视图,并不能告诉用户这样的数据经过几个事务,怎样被修改的(update,insert,delete)

,而这些信息在回滚段中是存在的,在oracle10g中,oracle进一步加强了回闪查询的特性,提供以下

两种回闪查询:

回闪版本查询(flashback versions query)

回闪事务查询(flashback transaction query)

回闪版本查询允许使用一个新的versions子句查询两个时间点或者scn之间的数据版本.

这些版本可以按照事务进行区分,回闪版本查询只返回提交数据.没提交的数据不被显示

先创建一个测试表,执行一些DML操作

SQL> create table test as select username from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> select * from test;

USERNAME

------------------------------

MGMT_VIEW

SYS

SYSTEM

DBSNMP

SYSMAN

SCOTT

JYTEST1

JYTEST

OUTLN

MDSYS

ORDSYS

USERNAME

------------------------------

EXFSYS

DMSYS

WMSYS

CTXSYS

ANONYMOUS

XDB

ORDPLUGINS

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

OLAPSYS

TSMSYS

USERNAME

------------------------------

MDDATA

DIP

29 rows selected.

SQL> delete from test where username='BI';

1 row deleted.

SQL> delete from test where username='JYTEST1';

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from test;

USERNAME

------------------------------

MGMT_VIEW

SYS

SYSTEM

DBSNMP

SYSMAN

SCOTT

JYTEST

OUTLN

MDSYS

ORDSYS

EXFSYS

USERNAME

------------------------------

DMSYS

WMSYS

CTXSYS

ANONYMOUS

XDB

ORDPLUGINS

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

OLAPSYS

TSMSYS

MDDATA

USERNAME

------------------------------

DIP

27 rows selected.

SQL>

再多执行一些DML操作

SQL> update test set username='JYTEST1' where username='JYTEST';

1 row updated.

SQL> delete from test where username='IX';

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from test;

USERNAME

------------------------------

MGMT_VIEW

SYS

SYSTEM

DBSNMP

SYSMAN

SCOTT

JYTEST1

OUTLN

MDSYS

ORDSYS

EXFSYS

USERNAME

------------------------------

DMSYS

WMSYS

CTXSYS

ANONYMOUS

XDB

ORDPLUGINS

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

OLAPSYS

TSMSYS

MDDATA

USERNAME

------------------------------

DIP

27 rows selected.

再来看看oracle10g的回闪版本查询,通过使用versions子句,和对数据表引入了一系列的伪列(

version_startime等),可以获得对数据表的所有事务操作,注意以下输出中的versions_operation

代表了不同类型的操作(D-Delete,I-Insert,U-Update),versions_xid是一个重要数据,代表了不

同版本的事务ID:

SQL> select versions_starttime,versions_endtime,versions_xid,versions_operation,

2 username from test versions between timestamp minvalue and maxvalue;

VERSIONS_STARTTIME VERSIONS_ENDTIME VERSIONS_XID VERSIONS_OPERATION USERNAME

--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------

07-1月 -13 11.07.58 下午 0300150096010000 I JY

07-1月 -13 11.06.46 下午 06002B0093010000 D IX

07-1月 -13 11.06.46 下午 06002B0093010000 U JYTEST1

07-1月 -13 11.05.22 下午 05001E00A7010000 D JYTEST1

07-1月 -13 11.05.22 下午 05001E00A7010000 D BI

MGMT_VIEW

SYS

SYSTEM

DBSNMP

SYSMAN

SCOTT

07-1月 -13 11.05.22 下午 JYTEST1

07-1月 -13 11.06.46 下午 JYTEST

OUTLN

MDSYS

ORDSYS

EXFSYS

DMSYS

WMSYS

CTXSYS

VERSIONS_STARTTIME VERSIONS_ENDTIME VERSIONS_XID VERSIONS_OPERATION USERNAME

--------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------------------- --------

ANONYMOUS

XDB

ORDPLUGINS

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA

OLAPSYS

TSMSYS

07-1月 -13 11.05.22 下午 BI

MDDATA

07-1月 -13 11.06.46 下午 IX

DIP

34 rows selected

SQL>

通过以上输出,根据versions_xid可以清晰地区分不同事务在不同时间对数据所作的更改

具备了flashback version query查询的基础,就可以进行基于flashback version query的事务级恢复了.

这就是flashback transaction query, flashback transaction query可以从flashback transaction query

视图中获得指定事务的历史信息以及undo_sql,通过undo_sql,就可以撤消特定的提交事务.flashback

transaction query需要用到flashback_transaction_query视图,先看一下视图:

SQL> desc flashback_transaction_query

Name Type Nullable Default Comments

---------------- -------------- -------- ------- -----------------------------------------

XID RAW(8) Y Transaction identifier

START_SCN NUMBER Y Transaction start SCN

START_TIMESTAMP DATE Y Transaction start timestamp

COMMIT_SCN NUMBER Y Transaction commit SCN

COMMIT_TIMESTAMP DATE Y Transaction commit timestamp

LOGON_USER VARCHAR2(30) Y Logon user for transaction

UNDO_CHANGE# NUMBER Y 1-based undo change number

OPERATION VARCHAR2(32) Y forward operation for this undo

TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(256) Y table name to which this undo applies

TABLE_OWNER VARCHAR2(32) Y owner of table to which this undo applies

ROW_ID VARCHAR2(19) Y rowid to which this undo applies

UNDO_SQL VARCHAR2(4000) Y SQL corresponding to this undo

该视图的定义为:

select xid, start_scn, start_timestamp,

decode(commit_scn, 0, commit_scn, 281474976710655, NULL, commit_scn)

commit_scn, commit_timestamp,

logon_user, undo_change#, operation, table_name, table_owner,

row_id, undo_sql

from sys.x$ktuqqry;

对于x$ktuqqry的查询非常耗时

测试一下对于x$ktuqqry表的查询

SQL> select count(addr) from x$ktuqqry;

COUNT(ADDR)

-----------

74786

如果需要撤消xid=0300150096010000的事务,可以通过如下步骤进行:

SQL> set autotrace on

SQL> select undo_sql from flashback_transaction_query where xid='0300150096010000';

UNDO_SQL

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

delete from "SYS"."TEST" where ROWID = 'AAAM3VAABAAAO9KAAd';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 1115820779

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 2008 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

|* 1 | FIXED TABLE FULL| X$KTUQQRY | 1 | 2008 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

1 - filter(RAWTOHEX("XID")='0300150096010000')

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

90926 recursive calls

0 db block gets

238964 consistent gets

21783 physical reads

0 redo size

506 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

385 bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

4115 sorts (memory)

0 sorts (disk)

2 rows processed

SQL>

通过执行相应的undo语句可以撤消该事务,通过这些新特性,oracle提供了一种"回滚"提交事务的

方法,极大地方便了用户应对不同情况的数据库恢复.

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/26015009/viewspace-752343/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/26015009/viewspace-752343/

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