ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

1. 异常测试环境
OS: RHEL5U5(32bit)
DB: Oracle 11.2.0.3.0(32bit)
异常模拟, 用ipcrm清除oracle的共享内存进程. 

1.1查看oracle 共享内存进程
jietestdb# ipcs  -sa
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
0x00000000 3407872    oracle    640        4096       0                       
0x00000000 3080193    root      644        52         2          dest         
0x00000000 3440642    oracle    640        4096       0                       
0x00000000 3112963    root      644        16384      2          dest         
0x00000000 3145732    root      644        268        2          dest         
0xf6a407b8 3473413    oracle    640        4096       0                       

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key        semid      owner      perms      nsems     
0x000000a7 0          root      600        1         
0x3d6825c4 524289     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825c5 557058     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825c6 589827     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825c7 622596     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825c8 655365     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825c9 688134     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825ca 720903     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825cb 753672     oracle    640        125       
0x3d6825cc 786441     oracle    640        125       

------ Message Queues --------
key        msqid      owner      perms      used-bytes   messages    
jietestdb# 
jietestdb# 

1.2 手动清除所有oracle共享内存进程.
jietestdb# ipcrm -m 3407872
jietestdb# ipcrm -m 3440642 
jietestdb# ipcrm -m 3473413

1.3  此时tail -f 监控alert日志.异常报错,如下异常日志一直在重复写入.
Process J000 died, see its trace file
kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process 
Errors in file /u01/product/diag/rdbms/test11g/test11g/trace/test11g_cjq0_4077.trc:
Process J000 died, see its trace file
kkjcre1p: unable to spawn jobq slave process 
Errors in file /u01/product/diag/rdbms/test11g/test11g/trace/test11g_cjq0_4077.trc:
Fri May 23 14:32:15 2014

1.4 ipcs查看oracle共享内存进程是否全部杀掉.

jietestdb# ipcs -sa

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
0x00000000 3080193    root      644        52         2          dest         
0x00000000 3112963    root      644        16384      2          dest         
0x00000000 3145732    root      644        268        2          dest         

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key        semid      owner      perms      nsems     
0x000000a7 0          root      600        1         

------ Message Queues --------
key        msqid      owner      perms      used-bytes   messages    

1.5 去ORACLE_HOME/dbs下 删除 lkTEST11G (ORACLE_SID为test11g)文件.
ps. lkTEST11G文件为DB启动后, 操作系统对数据库的锁定文件, DB关闭时会释放.
查看文件内容为.
jietestdb$strings lkTEST11G 
DO NOT DELETE THIS FILE!
当DB关闭时,如果此文件没有释放,DB启动时也会报异常.故删除之.

1.6 查看oracle后台进程,比如smon,pmon,dbwr,lgwr等进程是否释放掉,如果这些后台进程没有释放,DB也无法启动.
jietestdb# ps -ef |grep ora
root      3259  3230  0 10:45 ?        00:00:00 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/hdc
oracle    3770     1  0 11:05 ?        00:00:00 /u01/product/oracle/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
root      3806  3773  0 11:05 pts/1    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle    3807  3806  0 11:05 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
oracle    3993  3807  0 11:05 pts/1    00:00:00 tail -f alert_test11g.log
root      6840  3679  0 14:36 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle    6841  6840  0 14:36 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle    6998  6841  0 14:44 pts/0    00:00:00 rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle    6999  6998  0 14:44 pts/3    00:00:00 sqlplus   as sysdba
oracle    7008  6999  0 14:45 ?        00:00:00 oracletest11g (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
root      7040  3998  0 14:52 pts/2    00:00:00 grep ora

2 DB启动.
2.1 SYS> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

2.2 查看alert日志.
Fri May 23 14:53:51 2014
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
WARNING: You are trying to use the MEMORY_TARGET feature. This feature requires the /dev/shm file system to be mounted for at least 662700032 bytes. /dev/shm is either not mounted or is mounted with available space less than this size. Please fix this so that MEMORY_TARGET can work as expected. Current available is 345616384 and used is 431964160 bytes. Ensure that the mount point is /dev/shm for this directory.
memory_target needs larger /dev/shm

由以上oracle alert日志,可以看出,、/dev/shm过小.至少需要  6 62700032 bytes (632M). 根据报错current available is 345616384(329M) and used is 431964160(411M) bytes. 根据这些报错,可以看出. 原因可能是oracle共享进程虽然被ipcrm手动删除,
但oracle进程信息未被在/dev/shm中释放,导致/dev/shm可使用空间减少.DB不能启动. 

2.3 查看/dev/shm大小。
jietestdb# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 742M  412M  330M  56% /dev/shm
由上可以看出, 、/dev/shm空间剩余为330M, DB STARTUP需要632M,原因为/dev/shm剩余空间减少导致. 正常情况下, DB正常关闭后,/dev/shm中ORACLE的进程信息会被释放掉. 现在查看/dev/shm中的信息.如下.

jietestdb# ll -athr /dev/shm/
total 412M
drwxr-xr-x 11 root   root 4.3K May 23 10:45 ..
drwxrwxrwt  2 root   root 3.2K May 23 11:05 .
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3276807_0
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_96
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_97
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_94
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_92
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_93
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_153
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_152
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_151
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_147
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_146
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_148
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_131
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_130
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_134
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_121
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_120
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_119
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_95
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_54
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_53
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_52
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_51
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_50
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_49
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_48
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_47
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_46
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_45
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_44
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_43
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_42
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_41
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_40
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_39
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_38
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_37
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_36
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_35
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_34
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_33
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_32
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_31
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_30
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_29
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_28
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_27
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_26
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_25
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_24
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_23
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_22
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_21
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_20
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_19
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_18
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_9
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_8
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_7
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_6
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_5
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_4
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_3
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_2
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_17
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_16
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_15
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_14
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_13
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_12
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_11
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_10
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_1
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba     0 May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_0
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_57
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_115
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_114
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_137
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_63
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_87
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_60
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:05 ora_test11g_3244038_111
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:06 ora_test11g_3244038_110
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:06 ora_test11g_3244038_84
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:06 ora_test11g_3244038_108
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:07 ora_test11g_3244038_106
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:16 ora_test11g_3244038_104
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:16 ora_test11g_3244038_103
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:40 ora_test11g_3244038_116
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 11:53 ora_test11g_3244038_129
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:00 ora_test11g_3244038_58
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:00 ora_test11g_3244038_101
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:00 ora_test11g_3244038_55
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:00 ora_test11g_3244038_62
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:03 ora_test11g_3244038_90
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:20 ora_test11g_3244038_59
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 12:33 ora_test11g_3244038_117
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:00 ora_test11g_3244038_109
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:00 ora_test11g_3244038_113
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:00 ora_test11g_3244038_105
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:00 ora_test11g_3244038_56
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:12 ora_test11g_3211269_1
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 13:59 ora_test11g_3244038_69
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_61
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_138
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_133
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_127
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_68
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:00 ora_test11g_3244038_82
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:05 ora_test11g_3244038_89
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:05 ora_test11g_3244038_88
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:05 ora_test11g_3244038_86
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:05 ora_test11g_3244038_91
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:10 ora_test11g_3244038_75
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:14 ora_test11g_3244038_72
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:14 ora_test11g_3244038_74
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:14 ora_test11g_3244038_71
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:16 ora_test11g_3244038_85
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:21 ora_test11g_3244038_128
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:22 ora_test11g_3244038_73
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:24 ora_test11g_3244038_66
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:24 ora_test11g_3244038_67
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:24 ora_test11g_3244038_78
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:26 ora_test11g_3244038_70
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:26 ora_test11g_3244038_139
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_79
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_77
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_80
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_98
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_102
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:27 ora_test11g_3244038_99
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_124
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_76
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_125
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_83
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_81
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_136
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_135
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_140
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_132
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_112
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_145
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_144
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_122
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_107
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_100
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:28 ora_test11g_3244038_142
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:31 ora_test11g_3244038_150
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_64
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_65
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3211269_0
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_143
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_141
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_123
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_118
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_154
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_126
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_155
-rw-r-----  1 oracle dba  4.0M May 23 14:34 ora_test11g_3244038_149

2.4 异常原因已经找到, 清除 /dev/shm下 ora_test11g的文件. /dev/shm虚拟内存中的信息, 删除时要特别注意, 如果SERVER上有其它DB在运行或其它程式在占用/dev/shm下资源,不要删除错文件,导致其它DB或程式运行异常.

jietestdb# rm -rf /dev/shm/ora_test11g_*
jietestdb# 
jietestdb# ll -athr /dev/shm/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.3K May 23 10:45 ..
drwxrwxrwt  2 root root   40 May 23 15:11 .
jietestdb# 
2.5重新查看/dev/shm容量.
jietestdb# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 742M     0  742M   0% /dev/shm

3. 启动DB
SYS> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  661209088 bytes
Fixed Size                  1346980 bytes
Variable Size             499122780 bytes
Database Buffers          155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers                5550080 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SYS> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
test11g          OPEN

4  ORA-00845异常,根据metalink上解决方法,可以增加/dev/shm大小,如下.

CAUSE

The new Automatic Memory Management functionality uses /dev/shm on Linux for SGA and PGA management. The errors occur if either MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET is configured larger than the configured /dev/shm size, or if /dev/shm is mounted incorrectly.

SOLUTION

Please confirm that ORACLE_HOME is set correctly. This error sometimes happens when it is not set correctly.

Make sure that the /dev/shm size is configured large enough, like in:

# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=7g /dev/shm

In this case, the size of the shared memory device is configured to be 7GB.

In order to make the same change persistent across system reboots, add an entry for this to the /etc/fstab mount table, as in:

shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=7g 0

4.1  查看/etc/fstab下 /dev/shm信息

jietestdb# cat /etc/fstab 
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/data             /data                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/tmp              /tmp                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/usr              /usr                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/u01              /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda7         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
jietestdb# 

4.2查看 /dev/shm的大小
jietestdb# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5             9.5G  514M  8.5G   6% /
/dev/sda9              44G  4.7G   37G  12% /data
/dev/sda8             1.9G   36M  1.8G   2% /home
/dev/sda6             5.7G  140M  5.3G   3% /tmp
/dev/sda3              15G  3.3G   11G  24% /usr
/dev/sda2              19G   16G  2.3G  88% /u01
/dev/sda1             494M   17M  453M   4% /boot
tmpfs                 742M  412M  330M  56% /dev/shm
jietestdb# 
4.3 虚拟机上划分的物理内存为1.5G.默认安装OS时,/dev/shm为物理内存的一半.
jietestdb# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1483       1254        228          0        103        992
-/+ buffers/cache:        158       1324
Swap:         2996          0       2996
4.4 增加 /dev/shm的大小
jietestdb# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=800m /dev/shm/
查看/dev/shm大小.
jietestdb# df -h /dev/shm
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
shmfs                 800M     0  800M   0% /dev/shm

4.5  /dev/shm 增加的大小,要设置在/dev/shm中. 以防OS重启后, /dev/shm值会被初始化.
jietestdb# 
jietestdb# vim /etc/fstab 
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/data             /data                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/tmp              /tmp                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/usr              /usr                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/u01              /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=800M        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda7         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

4.6 查看调整后的/dev/shm信息.
jietestdb# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
shmfs                 800M     0  800M   0% /dev/shm
jietestdb# 
jietestdb# grep tmpfs /etc/fstab 
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=800M        0 0

4.7  mount
jietestdb# mount -a
jietestdb# 

5 虚拟机重启,查看/dev/shm大小变化.

jietestdb# init 6

jietestdb# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                 800M     0  800M   0% /dev/shm


jietestdb# cat /etc/fstab 
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/data             /data                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/tmp              /tmp                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/usr              /usr                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/u01              /u01                    ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=800M        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda7         swap                    swap    defaults   

结束...

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/28569596/viewspace-1168465/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/28569596/viewspace-1168465/