我使用过的Linux命令之if - Bash中的条件判断语句

我使用过的Linux命令之if - Bash中的条件判断语句

本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/780156    （转载请注明出处）

用途说明

Shell中的条件判断语句，与其他编程语言类似。

如果需要知道有哪些条件判断方式，通过man test就可以得到帮助。

常用格式

格式一

if 条件; then

    语句

fi

格式二

if 条件; then

    语句

else

    语句

fi

格式三

if 条件; then

    语句

elif 条件; then

    语句

fi

格式四

if 条件; then

    语句

elif 条件; then

    语句

else

    语句

fi

使用示例

示例一

if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
    echo expression evaluated as true
fi

 

[root@jfht ~]# if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
>     echo expression evaluated as true
> fi
expression evaluated as true
[root@jfht ~]#

示例二

if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
    echo expression evaluated as true
else
    echo expression evaluated as false
fi

 

[root@jfht ~]# if [ "foo" = "foo" ]; then
>     echo expression evaluated as true
> else
>     echo expression evaluated as false
> fi
expression evaluated as true
[root@jfht ~]#

示例三

T1="foo"
T2="bar"
if [ "$T1" = "$T2" ]; then
    echo expression evaluated as true
else
    echo expression evaluated as false
fi

 

[root@jfht ~]# T1="foo"
[root@jfht ~]# T2="bar"
[root@jfht ~]# if [ "$T1" = "$T2" ]; then
>     echo expression evaluated as true
> else
>     echo expression evaluated as false
> fi
expression evaluated as false
[root@jfht ~]#

示例四 判断命令行参数数量

文件 if_4.sh

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$#" != "1" ]; then
    echo "usage: $0 <file>"
    exit 1
fi

 

[root@smsgw root]# cat if_4.sh
#!/bin/sh

if [ "$#" != "1" ]; then
    echo "usage: $0 <file>"
    exit 1
fi

[root@smsgw root]# chmod +x if_4.sh
[root@smsgw root]# ./if_4.sh
usage: ./if_4.sh <file>
[root@smsgw root]# ./if_4.sh hello
[root@smsgw root]#

 

示例五 判断文件中是否包含某个字符串

if grep -q root /etc/passwd; then
    echo account root exists
else
    echo account root not exist
fi

 

[root@jfht ~]# if grep -q root /etc/passwd; then
>     echo account root exists
> else
>     echo account root not exist
> fi
account root exists
[root@jfht ~]#

 

示例六 判断文件是否存在

if [ -e myfile ]; then
    echo myfile exists
else
    touch myfile
    echo myfile created
fi

 

[root@jfht ~]# if [ -e myfile ]; then
>     echo myfile exists
> else
>     touch myfile
>     echo myfile created
> fi
myfile created
[root@jfht ~]# if [ -e myfile ]; then
>     echo myfile exists
> else
>     touch myfile
>     echo myfile created
> fi
myfile exists
[root@jfht ~]# ls -l myfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 10-09 20:44 myfile

 

示例七 判断两个文件是否相同

echo 1 >file1
echo 2 >file2
if ! diff -q file1 file2; then
    echo file1 file2 diff
else
    echo file1 file2 same
fi 

 

[root@jfht ~]# echo 1 >file1
[root@jfht ~]# echo 2 >file2
[root@jfht ~]# if ! diff -q file1 file2; then
>     echo file1 file2 diff
> else
>     echo file1 file2 same
> fi
Files file1 and file2 differ
file1 file2 diff
[root@jfht ~]#

问题思考

1. 怎么判断字符串非空？

2. 怎么判断文件非空？

3. 怎么判断文件可执行？

4. 怎么判断目录？

5. 怎么判断数值大小判断？

相关资料

【1】BASH Programming 6.1 Dry Theory

【2】刘 泰山的博客 bash if 条件判断

 

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