Spring--AOP事务管理（xml方式与注解方式）和编码式事务管理（举例说明）

[例] 完成一个转账的功能,需要进行事务的管理，使用 Spring 的事务管理的方式完成。

1. 创建一个账户表 t_account，并插入测试数据

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_account`;
CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `money` double DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `t_account` VALUES (null, '张三', '1000');
INSERT INTO `t_account` VALUES (null, '李四', '1000');

2.创建工程并导包

3. DAO层：

package pers.zhang.dao;

public interface AccountDao {
	//加钱
	void increaseMoney(Integer id,Double money);
	//减钱
	void decreaseMoney(Integer id,Double money);
}

package package pers.zhang.dao.impl;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;

public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AccountDao  {

	@Override
	public void increaseMoney(Integer id, Double money) {
		
		getJdbcTemplate().update("update t_account set money = money+? where id = ? ", money,id);
		
	}

	@Override
	public void decreaseMoney(Integer id, Double money) {

		getJdbcTemplate().update("update t_account set money = money-? where id = ? ", money,id);
	}

}

4. Service层

package pers.zhang.service;

public interface AccountService {
	
	//转账方法
	void transfer(Integer from,Integer to,Double money);
	
}

package pers.zhang.service.impl;

import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import pers.zhang.dao.AccountDao;

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

	private AccountDao ad ;

	@Override
	public void transfer(Integer from,Integer to,Double money) {
		//减钱
		ad.decreaseMoney(from, money);
		//加钱
		ad.increaseMoney(to, money);
	}

	public void setAd(AccountDao ad) {
		this.ad = ad;
	}
}

5. 配置AOP事务（xml方式）

事务有以下几个常用属性：

• read-only: 设置该事务中是否允许修改数据。（对于只执行查询功能的事务，设置为TRUE可以提高事务的执行速度）
• propagation: 事务的传播机制。一般设置为required。可以保证在事务中的代码只在当前事务中运行，防止创建多个事务。->事务传播详解
• isolation: 事务隔离级别。不是必须的。默认值是default。
• timeout: 允许事务运行的最长时间，以秒为单位。
• rollback-for: 触发回滚的异常。
• no-rollback-for: 不会触发回滚的异常。

导入aop和tx名称空间：

	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 

配置applicationContext.cml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- 指定spring读取db.properties配置 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"  />

	<!-- 将连接池 -->
	<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" ></property>
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" ></property>
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" ></property>
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务核心管理器,封装了所有事务操作. 依赖于连接池 -->
	<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务模板对象 -->
	<bean name="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate" >
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" ></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置事务通知 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager" >
		<tx:attributes>
			<!-- 以方法为单位,指定方法应用什么事务属性
				isolation:隔离级别
				propagation:传播行为
				read-only:是否只读
			 -->
			<tx:method name="transfer" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>


	<!-- 配置织入 -->
	<aop:config  >
		<!-- 配置切点表达式 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* pers.zhang.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))" id="txPc"/>
		<!-- 配置切面 : 通知+切点
			 	advice-ref:通知的名称
			 	pointcut-ref:切点的名称
		 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPc" />
	</aop:config>

	<!--Dao-->
	<bean name="accountDao" class="pers.zhang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!--Service-->
	<bean name="accountService" class="pers.zhang.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl" >
		<property name="ad" ref="accountDao" ></property>
	</bean>  

</beans>

连接池配置db.properties：

jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456

5.测试

package pers.zhang.tx;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import pers.zhang.service.AccountService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class Demo {
		@Resource(name="accountService")
	private AccountService as;
	
	@Test
	public void fun1(){
		//张三向李四转账100元
		as.transfer(1, 2, 100d);
		
	}
}

运行测试方法：

现在我们手动创造一个错误，使事务回滚.
修改AccountServiceImpl

package pers.zhang.service.impl;

import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import pers.zhang.dao.AccountDao;

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

	private AccountDao ad ;

	@Override
	public void transfer(Integer from,Integer to,Double money) {
		//减钱
		ad.decreaseMoney(from, money);
		//手动制造错误
		int i = 1 / 0;
		//加钱
		ad.increaseMoney(to, money);
	}

	public void setAd(AccountDao ad) {
		this.ad = ad;
	}
}

运行测试方法：

转账失败，事务回滚。

补充：配置AOP事务（注解方式）

applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
		xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
		xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
		xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- 指定spring读取db.properties配置 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"  />
	<!-- 连接池 -->
	<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" ></property>
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" ></property>
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" ></property>
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务核心管理器,封装了所有事务操作. 依赖于连接池 -->
	<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 事务模板对象 -->
	<bean name="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate" >
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	
	<!-- 开启使用注解管理aop事务 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven/>
	
	
	
	<!-- Dao-->
	<bean name="accountDao" class="pers.zhang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	<!-- Service-->
	<bean name="accountService" class="pers.zhang.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl" >
		<property name="ad" ref="accountDao" ></property>
	</bean>  

</beans>

注解配置：

package cn.itcast.service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import pers.zhang.dao.AccountDao;

//注解加在类上对所有方法生效
@Transactional(isolation=Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ,propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=true)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

	private AccountDao ad ;
	
	@Override
	//注解加在方法上优先级高于加在类上
	@Transactional(isolation=Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ,propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=false)
	public void transfer(Integer from,Integer to,Double money) {
				//减钱
				ad.decreaseMoney(from, money);
				//int i = 1/0;
				//加钱
				ad.increaseMoney(to, money);
	}

	public void setAd(AccountDao ad) {
		this.ad = ad;
	}
}

补充：管理事务（编码方式）

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
		xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
		xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
		xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
		xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- 指定spring读取db.properties配置 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"  />
	<!-- 连接池 -->
	<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" ></property>
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" ></property>
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" ></property>
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 事务核心管理器,封装了所有事务操作. 依赖于连接池 -->
	<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 事务模板对象 -->
	<bean name="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate" >
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" ></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- Dao-->
	<bean name="accountDao" class="pers.zhang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl" >
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
	</bean>
	<!-- Service-->
	<bean name="accountService" class="pers.zhang.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl" >
		<property name="ad" ref="accountDao" ></property>
		<property name="tt" ref="transactionTemplate" ></property>
	</bean>  

</beans>

AccountServiceImpl:

package pers.zhang.service.impl;

import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallback;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallbackWithoutResult;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;

import pers.zhang.dao.AccountDao;

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

	private AccountDao ad ;
	private TransactionTemplate tt;

	@Override
	public void transfer(final Integer from,final Integer to,final Double money) {
		
		tt.execute(new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult() {
			@Override
			protected void doInTransactionWithoutResult(TransactionStatus arg0) {
				//减钱
				ad.decreaseMoney(from, money);
				//int i = 1/0;
				//加钱
				ad.increaseMoney(to, money);
			}
		});
		
	}

	public void setAd(AccountDao ad) {
		this.ad = ad;
	}

	public void setTt(TransactionTemplate tt) {
		this.tt = tt;
	}
	
}

补充：常用事务通知的配置模板

<!-- 配置事务通知 -->
	<tx:advice id="xxxxxx" transaction-manager="transactionManager" >
		<tx:attributes>
			<!-- 以方法为单位,指定方法应用什么事务属性
				isolation:隔离级别
				propagation:传播行为
				read-only:是否只读
			 -->
			<tx:method name="save*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="persist*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="update*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="modify*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="delete*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="remove*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
			<tx:method name="get*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
			<tx:method name="find*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>