Oracle 12c ASM专题｜Flex磁盘组到底有多Fexible？

原文链接 https://martincarstenbach.wordpress.com/2017/08/22/12-2-new-feature-the-flex-asm-disk-group-part-4/

译者  周天鹏 
## Flex Disk Group属性
前三部分我分享了关于ASM Flex Disk Group、File Group和Quota Group如何强制对存储空间进行限制的实验结果。但是我还没有测试修改磁盘组属性会产生什么效果。我所关心的属性都是数据保护级别相关的，正如官方文档中所讨论的那样-Automatic Storage Management Administrator’s Guide (https://docs.oracle.com/database/122/OSTMG/mirroring-diskgroup-redundancy.htm)。除了保护模式相关的属性之外当然也有其他的一些磁盘组属性，但是本次实验并不涉及。

一个Flex冗余度的ASM磁盘组可以被设置为任意保护模式（3副本、2副本、无保护），默认情况下，Flex冗余度的磁盘组使用2副本模式。不像其他的磁盘组，你可以改变Flex磁盘组内某个单独的DB或PDB的保护模式。这里最好给大家举个例子：

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1. SQL> select filegroup_number,name,guid from v$asm_filegroup
   
2. 
   
3. FILEGROUP_NUMBER NAME GUID
   
4. ---------------- -------------------- --------------------------------
   
5.                0 DEFAULT_FILEGROUP
   
6.                1 CDB_CDB$ROOT 4700A987085A3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B
   
7.                2 CDB_PDB$SEED 536DF51E8E28221BE0534764A8C0FD81
   
8.                3 PDB1 537B677EF8DA0F1AE0534764A8C05729
   
9.                4 ORCL_CDB$ROOT 4700A987085A3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B
   
10.                5 ORCL_PDB$SEED 537E63B952183748E0534764A8C09A7F
    
11.                6 PDB1_0001 537EB5B87E62586EE0534764A8C05530
    
12. 
    
13. 7 rows selected.

 上面的列表展示了我的ASM实例中的文件组信息。本章将要修改6号文件组（PDB1_0001）的属性，该文件组存放在Flex磁盘组上。知道哪些文件属于这个文件组非常重要。这里是一个列表：

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1. SQL> select file_number,bytes,space,type,redundancy,redundancy_lowered,striped,remirror
   
2.   2 from v$asm_file where filegroup_number = 6;
   
3.   
   
4. FILE_NUMBER BYTES SPACE TYPE REDUNDANCY REDUNDANCY_LOWERED STRIPED REMIRROR
   
5. 309 104865792 218103808 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
6. 310 262152192 541065216 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
7. 311 419438592 859832320 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
8. 312 67117056 142606336 TEMPFILE MIRROR U COARSE N

 官方文档说的没错，存放在Flex磁盘组上的数据文件默认冗余度是2副本。

## 文件组属性
在磁盘组内部改变冗余度和其他一些属性都依赖于你拥有文件组。文件组的属性可以通过sql或者asmcmd来进行查看。如下：

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1. ASMCMD> lsfg -G flex --filegroup PDB1_0001
   
2. File Group Disk Group Property Value File Type
   
3. PDB1_0001 FLEX PRIORITY MEDIUM
   
4. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE CONTAINER
   
5. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING FINE CONTROLFILE
   
6. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR DATAFILE
   
7. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE DATAFILE
   
8. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR ONLINELOG
   
9. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE ONLINELOG
   
10. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR ARCHIVELOG
    
11. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE ARCHIVELOG
    
12. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR TEMPFILE
    
13. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE TEMPFILE
    
14. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR BACKUPSET
    
15. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE BACKUPSET
    
16. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR PARAMETERFILE
    
17. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE PARAMETERFILE
    
18. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR DATAGUARDCONFIG
    
19. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE DATAGUARDCONFIG
    
20. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR CHANGETRACKING
    
21. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE CHANGETRACKING
    
22. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR FLASHBACK
    
23. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE FLASHBACK
    
24. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR DUMPSET
    
25. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE DUMPSET
    
26. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR AUTOBACKUP
    
27. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE AUTOBACKUP
    
28. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR VOTINGFILE
    
29. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE VOTINGFILE
    
30. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR OCRFILE
    
31. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE OCRFILE
    
32. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR ASMVOL
    
33. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE ASMVOL
    
34. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR ASMVDRL
    
35. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE ASMVDRL
    
36. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR OCRBACKUP
    
37. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE OCRBACKUP
    
38. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR FLASHFILE
    
39. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE FLASHFILE
    
40. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET
    
41. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET
    
42. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR AUDIT_SPILLFILES
    
43. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE AUDIT_SPILLFILES
    
44. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR INCR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET
    
45. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE INCR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET
    
46. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR KEY_STORE
    
47. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE KEY_STORE
    
48. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR AUTOLOGIN_KEY_STORE
    
49. PDB1_0001 FLEX STRIPING COARSE AUTOLOGIN_KEY_STORE
    
50. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY MIRROR CONTAINER
    
51. PDB1_0001 FLEX REDUNDANCY HIGH CONTROLFILE
    
52. ASMCMD>

 输出包含两大类属性：冗余和条带化。我真正关心的只有冗余度，而且我也没接触过条带化相关的属性。查了下官方文档 ASM Administrator’s guide（https://docs.oracle.com/database/122/OSTMG/asm-filegroups.htm#GUID-BE9083C8-A5DF-48CD-BB32-C8A6FCDA3E7B），
对条带化属性的解释如下：
> 这是文件类型的属性，仅需为每个文件类型设置。一般使用默认值就够了，不需要人为改变。

看到这个我很高兴。

使用sql依然可以达到这种效果，这里是等价的输出：

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1. SQL> select file_type, name, value from v$asm_filegroup_property where filegroup_number = 6;
   
2. 
   
3. FILE_TYPE NAME VALUE
   
4. ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
   
5.                                PRIORITY MEDIUM
   
6. CONTROLFILE REDUNDANCY HIGH
   
7. CONTROLFILE STRIPING FINE
   
8. DATAFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
   
9. DATAFILE STRIPING COARSE
   
10. ONLINELOG REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
11. ONLINELOG STRIPING COARSE
    
12. ARCHIVELOG REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
13. ARCHIVELOG STRIPING COARSE
    
14. TEMPFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
15. TEMPFILE STRIPING COARSE
    
16. BACKUPSET REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
17. BACKUPSET STRIPING COARSE
    
18. PARAMETERFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
19. PARAMETERFILE STRIPING COARSE
    
20. DATAGUARDCONFIG REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
21. DATAGUARDCONFIG STRIPING COARSE
    
22. CHANGETRACKING REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
23. CHANGETRACKING STRIPING COARSE
    
24. FLASHBACK REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
25. FLASHBACK STRIPING COARSE
    
26. DUMPSET REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
27. DUMPSET STRIPING COARSE
    
28. AUTOBACKUP REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
29. AUTOBACKUP STRIPING COARSE
    
30. VOTINGFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
31. VOTINGFILE STRIPING COARSE
    
32. OCRFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
33. OCRFILE STRIPING COARSE
    
34. ASMVOL REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
35. ASMVOL STRIPING COARSE
    
36. ASMVDRL REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
37. ASMVDRL STRIPING COARSE
    
38. OCRBACKUP REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
39. OCRBACKUP STRIPING COARSE
    
40. FLASHFILE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
41. FLASHFILE STRIPING COARSE
    
42. XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
43. XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET STRIPING COARSE
    
44. AUDIT_SPILLFILES REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
45. AUDIT_SPILLFILES STRIPING COARSE
    
46. INCR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
47. INCR XTRANSPORT BACKUPSET STRIPING COARSE
    
48. KEY_STORE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
49. KEY_STORE STRIPING COARSE
    
50. AUTOLOGIN_KEY_STORE REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
51. AUTOLOGIN_KEY_STORE STRIPING COARSE
    
52. CONTAINER REDUNDANCY MIRROR
    
53. CONTAINER STRIPING COARSE
    
54. 
    
55. 49 rows selected.

 除了v$asm_file视图，你们也可以查v$asm_filegroup_file这个视图：

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1. SQL> select filegroup_number, file_number, incarnation
   
2.   2 from v$asm_filegroup_file
   
3.   3 where filegroup_number = 6
   
4.   4 order by file_number;
   
5. 
   
6. FILEGROUP_NUMBER FILE_NUMBER INCARNATION
   
7. ---------------- ----------- -----------
   
8.                6 309 948464269
   
9.                6 310 948464269
   
10.                6 311 948464269
    
11.                6 312 948464283
    
12. 
    
13. SQL>

 FILE_NUMBER字段和INCARNATION可以被关联上v$asm_file。

回到主题上：我想把冗余度从normal转为high，但该操作仅对6号文件组有效。v$asm_file视图中有一些大小、类型、当前冗余度、条带级别和是否正在re-mirror的信息。在进行操作之前，我们先看下里面的内容：

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1. SQL> select file_number,bytes,space,type,redundancy,redundancy_lowered,striped,remirror
   
2.   2 from v$asm_file where filegroup_number = 6;
   
3. 
   
4. FILE_NUMBER BYTES SPACE TYPE REDUND R STRIPE R
   
5. ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------ - ------ -
   
6.         309 104865792 218103808 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
7.         310 262152192 541065216 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
8.         311 419438592 859832320 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
9.         312 67117056 142606336 TEMPFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
10. 
    
11. SQL>

 文件309和312使用mirror的冗余度（2副本，也就是normal冗余）。让我们尝试改变这个冗余度，看看会发生什么。

## 修改数据文件冗余度
这里真正的操作才开始。Automatic Storage Management Administrator’s Guide的Administering Oracle ASM Disk Groups章节的Managing Oracle ASM Flex Disk Groups这个部分（https://docs.oracle.com/database/122/OSTMG/asm-filegroups.htm#GUID-BE9083C8-A5DF-48CD-BB32-C8A6FCDA3E7B）
说了所有文件组的属性都可以被修改。让我们用文档上的例子，来改变6号文件组的属性：

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1. SQL> alter diskgroup flex modify filegroup PDB1_0001 set 'datafile.redundancy'='high';
   
2. 
   
3. Diskgroup altered.

 这条命令（其他改变存储属性的操作）必须以SYSASM方式登陆ASM实例才可以执行。从DB实例执行会报如下错误：

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1. SQL> alter diskgroup flex modify filegroup PDB1_0001 set 'datafile.redundancy' = 'high';
   
2. 
   
3. Error starting at line : 1 in command -
   
4. alter diskgroup flex modify filegroup PDB1_0001 set 'datafile.redundancy' = 'high'
   
5. Error report -
   
6. ORA-15000: command disallowed by current instance type
   
7. 15000. 00000 - "command disallowed by current instance type"
   
8. *Cause: The user has issued a command to a conventional RDBMS instance
   
9.            that is only appropriate for an ASM instance. Alternatively, the
   
10.            user has issued a command to an ASM instance that is only
    
11.            appropriate for an RDBMS instance.
    
12. *Action: Connect to the correct instance type and re-issue the command.
    
13. SQL>

 命令结束后，数据文件立刻开始了re-mirror操作。在re-mirror的过程中（即remirror字段为Y），冗余度依然为MIRROR。只有当re-mirror操作完成后（即remirror字段为N）,冗余度才变为high。注意：312号文件的冗余度依然为normal，想想也对，我们修改的是datafile.redundancy，而312号文件是临时文件。

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1. SQL> select file_number,bytes,space,type,redundancy,redundancy_lowered,striped,remirror
   
2.   2 from v$asm_file where filegroup_number = 6;
   
3. 
   
4. FILE_NUMBER BYTES SPACE TYPE REDUND R STRIPE R
   
5. ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------ - ------ -
   
6.         309 104865792 339738624 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE Y
   
7.         310 262152192 805306368 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE Y
   
8.         311 419438592 1283457024 DATAFILE MIRROR U COARSE Y
   
9.         312 67117056 142606336 TEMPFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
   
10. 
    
11. SQL> select file_number,bytes,space,type,redundancy,redundancy_lowered,striped,remirror
    
12.   2 from v$asm_file where filegroup_number = 6;
    
13. 
    
14. FILE_NUMBER BYTES SPACE TYPE REDUND R STRIPE R
    
15. ----------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ------ - ------ -
    
16.         309 104865792 339738624 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
    
17.         310 262152192 805306368 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
    
18.         311 419438592 1283457024 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
    
19.         312 67117056 142606336 TEMPFILE MIRROR U COARSE N

 为了让实验结果更详细，我下面还列了ASM实例警告日志中的相关信息，我发现观察ASM做了啥操作非常有意思。

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1. SQL> alter diskgroup flex modify filegroup PDB1_0001 set 'datafile.redundancy'='high'
   
2. NOTE: updated format of group 5 file 311 for 3-way mirroring
   
3. NOTE: updated redundancy of group 5 file 311 to 3-way mirrored (remirror 0x4)
   
4. NOTE: updated format of group 5 file 310 for 3-way mirroring
   
5. NOTE: updated redundancy of group 5 file 310 to 3-way mirrored (remirror 0x4)
   
6. NOTE: updated format of group 5 file 309 for 3-way mirroring
   
7. NOTE: updated redundancy of group 5 file 309 to 3-way mirrored (remirror 0x4)
   
8. NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
   
9. NOTE: client +ASM1:+ASM:rac122pri no longer has group 5 (FLEX) mounted
   
10. NOTE: client +ASM1:+ASM:rac122pri no longer has group 3 (DATA) mounted
    
11. NOTE: client +ASM1:+ASM:rac122pri no longer has group 2 (MGMT) mounted
    
12. NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=5
    
13. NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
14. GMON querying group 5 at 835 for pid 25, osid 11576
    
15. SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
16. SUCCESS: alter diskgroup flex modify filegroup PDB1_0001 set 'datafile.redundancy'='high'
    
17. 2017-07-06 13:17:47.169000 +01:00
    
18. NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup FLEX
    
19. NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup FLEX. No voting file found.
    
20. NOTE: starting rebalance of group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX) at power 1
    
21. NOTE: starting process ARBA
    
22. Starting background process ARBA
    
23. ARBA started with pid=33, OS id=9904
    
24. NOTE: starting process ARB0
    
25. Starting background process ARB0
    
26. ARB0 started with pid=48, OS id=9906
    
27. NOTE: assigning ARBA to group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX) to compute estimates
    
28. NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX) with 1 parallel I/O
    
29. 2017-07-06 13:18:29.554000 +01:00
    
30. NOTE: Starting expel slave for group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
31. NOTE: stopping process ARB0
    
32. NOTE: stopping process ARBA
    
33. NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
    
34. NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=5
    
35. SUCCESS: rebalance completed for group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
36. NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
37. GMON querying group 5 at 836 for pid 25, osid 11576
    
38. SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 5/0x4718f00c (FLEX)
    
39. 2017-07-06 13:18:32.568000 +01:00
    
40. NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup FLEX
    
41. NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup FLEX. No voting file found.

 re-mirror操作在警告日志中被列为(mini) rebalance操作。

## 新加的数据文件会怎样？
元数据的改变在v$asm_filegroup_properties视图中也可以看到。该PDB创建的每个新数据文件都是HIGH冗余度。

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1. SQL> select file_type, name, value from v$asm_filegroup_property
   
2.   2 where filegroup_number = 6 and file_type = 'DATAFILE';
   
3. 
   
4. FILE_TYPE NAME VALUE
   
5. --------------- -------------------- --------------------
   
6. DATAFILE REDUNDANCY HIGH
   
7. DATAFILE STRIPING COARSE

 加了个表空间，新的数据文件也依然是HIGH冗余度。

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1. SQL> select file_number,bytes,space,type,redundancy,redundancy_lowered,striped,remirror
   
2.   2 from v$asm_file where filegroup_number = 6
   
3.   3 order by file_number;
   
4. 
   
5. FILE_NUMBER BYTES SPACE TYPE REDUND R STRIPE R
   
6. ----------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ------ - ------ -
   
7.         309 167780352 528482304 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
   
8.         310 272637952 843055104 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
   
9.         311 471867392 1434451968 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N
   
10.         312 67117056 142606336 TEMPFILE MIRROR U COARSE N
    
11.         313 2147491840 6467616768 DATAFILE HIGH U COARSE N

## 总结
Flex ASM磁盘组继续让我惊叹。使用文件组，我可以单独为任意实体（non-CDB, CDB, PDB）定义属性，而且可以在磁盘组内部进行更细粒度的数据保护模式设置。在12c之前的版本，虽然我也可以完成同样的任务，但是操作要复杂很多很多。不得不承认，Flex磁盘组确实相当flexible。

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