KVM 桥接问题

KVM 桥接问题

http://www.linux-kvm.com/content/using-bridged-networking-virt-manager

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Using bridged networking with Virt-manager

Friday, September 19, 2008 - 08:08 Haydn Solomon

In previous posts you can find instructions on how to configure bridged networking when managing your kvm guests by command line. However for many users experimenting with kvm, the virt-manager GUI tool is the preferred method of managing kvm guests in which case bridged networking configuration might pose a challenge. If you fall into the camp of users who prefer virt-manager and have ever wondered how to configure bridged networking , you’ll be able to use bridged networking with virt-manager after reading this post.

1. Configure your bridge

Your libvirt installation will provide default bridges for use with xen, qemu and other types of domains. For qemu/kvm, the default bridge should be called vnet0 and you can verify this by issuing the following command on your system.

# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
pan0            8000.000000000000       no
virbr0          8000.000000000000       yes
vnet0           8000.000000000000       yes

Th first thing you need to do is add a network script for your vnet0 bridge. On Fedora this script will be located under /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ but may differ for other linux distributions. So go ahead and create a new script at /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-vnet0 as root user and edit the contents so that it looks like the following.

DEVICE=vnet0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes

This completes set up of your vnet0 bridge.

2. Add your physical interface to the bridge

The next step is to add the physical interface that your kvm guest will be sharing to the vnet0 bridge configured above. For this post, we’ll assume that you’ll be using eth0 so to add eth0 to vnet0 bridge, issue the following command.

# brctl addif vnet0 eth0  

You can verify that your eth0 was added to the vnet0 bridge issuing the brctl show command. Your output should look similar to the following.

# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
pan0            8000.000000000000       no
virbr0          8000.000000000000       yes
vnet0           8000.0019b97ec863       yes             eth0

Now you need to configure your network script for eth0. You will already have a script for eth0, but you’ll need to modify it by adding one line as BRIDGE=vnet0 so that it looks similar to the following script.

# Broadcom Corporation BCM4401-B0 100Base-TX
DEVICE=eth0
BRIDGE=vnet0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:19:b9:7e:c8:63
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
USERCTL=no
IPV6INIT=no
PEERDNS=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=no
…
…

3. Restart your network services

In order for all the network script modifications to take effect, you need to restart your network services. Your command may differ slightly but for most linux distributions the following command will restart your network services.

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart

Shutting down interface vnet0:  [  OK  ]
Shutting down interface eth0:  [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface vnet0:  
Determining IP information for vnet0... done.
[  OK  ]

My experience is that the dhcp on the bridge device usually takes a little longer than the other scripts so don’t worry if the line that says “determining ip information for vnet0” sits there for a min or two. Once this script completes, you’re finished with your system network configurations. Now, onto actually using bridged networking with virt-manager.

4. Configure Bridged Networking in Virt-Manager

Now comes the easy part. Configure your kvm guest in virt-manager as you normally would. When you get to the part that asks about your network type, choose to share with a physical device and you will be able to select the eth0 on bridge vnet0. Below is a screenshot of what you should see. You don’t need to specify a specific mac address unless you need to for some kind of static mapping.

Boot up your kvm guest which will be now connected to your local network. Your brctl show command will now show your kvm guest network added to your vnet0 bridge. Below is a sample output.

# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
pan0            8000.000000000000       no
virbr0          8000.000000000000       yes
vnet0           8000.0019b97ec863       yes             eth0
                                                        vnet1

Summary

Bridged networking with virt-manager is simpler than configuring bridged networking when managing kvm guests with command line since you don’t have to worry about things like qemu network scripts and generating random mac addresses. Virt-manager takes care of these things behind the scenes. What will be nice to see someday would be GUI tools for managing the bridges which would make the procedure even simpler.

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