【sql】训练四

1、 列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出那些没有员工的部门。

SQL> select d.department_name,d.department_id,e.first_name,e.department_id

  2  tt from employees e,departments d where d.department_id = e.department_id or e.department_id is null;


2、 查询每个员工的领导是谁(自连接)。

SQL> select w.employee_id,w.first_name,m.first_name from employees w join

  2  employees m on w.manager_id = m.employee_id;


3、 查询每个领导都管理哪些员工(自连接)

SQL> select m.first_name,m.employee_id,w.first_name from employees m join

  2  employees w on m.employee_id = w.manager_id;

4、 查询所有员工的信息并且列出员工的部门名称

SQL> select e.first_name,e.salary,e.employee_id,d.department_id from

  2  employees e left join departments d on e.department_id = d.department_id;

 

5、 要求查询雇员的编号、姓名、部门编号、部门名称及部门位置

SQL>  select e.employee_id,e.first_name,d.department_id,d.department_name,

  2  d.location_id from employees e full join departments d

  3  on e.department_id = d.department_id;

6、 创建一个用户:students密码是students,并且授予create session,resource权限。以students用户登录创建如下表:

写一个sql脚本,实现多对多关系(括号里的为约束):学生表、课程表、学生选课表,学生表包含如下信息:学号(主键)、姓名(非空)、性别(非空)、出生日期、政治面貌,课程表包含如下信息:课程号(主键)、课程名称、学分、学时、学期,学生选课表包含如下信息:学号(外键参照学生表)、课程号(外键参照课程表)、成绩并模拟学生信息插入数据。

统计如下信息:

1、查看每个学生的都选了哪些课,显示学生姓名和课程名

2、统计每个学生选了几门课,显示学生姓名和课程数

3、显示每门课程的成绩,显示课程名称和成绩。

4、查询数据字典信息,查看约束名称,及对哪个字段创建了约束

SQL>  select OWNER,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME from USER_CONS_COLUMNS;

OWNER           CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME           COLUMN_NAM

--------------- --------------- -------------------- ----------

STUDENTS        XKB_CNO_FK      XKB                  CNO

STUDENTS        XKB_SNO_FK      XKB                  SNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011403    KC                   CNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011402    STUDENT              SNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011401    STUDENT              SEX

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011400    STUDENT              NAME

6 rows selected.

5、说明主键约束,惟一性约束,非空约束几个关系。

SQL> create user students identified by students;

User created.

SQL> grant create session to students;

 

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant resource to students;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn students/students;

Connected.

SQL> show user

USER is "STUDENTS"

SQL> create table student(sno number primary key,name

  2  varchar2(10) not null,sex varchar2(5) not null,

  3  born date,politics_status varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL>  create table kc(cno number primary key,course varchar2(10),

  2  xuefen number,xueshi number,term number);

Table created.

SQL> create table xkb(sno number,cno number,score number,

  2  constraint xkb_sno_fk foreign key (sno) references student(sno),

  3  constraint xkb_cno_fk foreign  key (cno) references kc(cno));

Table created.

SQL> insert into student values(1,'www','nan','12-SEP-1988','qingbai');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values(2,'qq','nan','23-OCT-1991','qingbai');

1 row created.

SQL>  insert into student values(3,'whb','nv',sysdate,'qingbai');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from student;

       SNO NAME       SEX   BORN      POLITICS_S

---------- ---------- ----- --------- ----------

         1 www        nan   12-SEP-88 qingbai

         2 qq         nan   23-OCT-91 qingbai

         3 whb        nv    07-SEP-16 qingbai

SQL> insert into kc values(1,'yuwen',6,33,1);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into kc values(2,'shuxue',8,66,1);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into kc values(3,'yingyu',9,78,1);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from kc

        CNO COURSE         XUEFEN     XUESHI       TERM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

         1 yuwen               6         33          1

         2 shuxue              8         66          1

         3 yingyu              9         78          1

SQL> insert into xkb values(1,1,88);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(2,2,95);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(3,3,80);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(1,2,50);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(1,3,66);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(2,1,88);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(2,3,77);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(3,1,76);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into xkb values(3,2,81);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from xkb order by 1,2;

       SNO        CNO      SCORE

---------- ---------- ----------

         1          1         88

         1          2         50

         1          3         66

         2          1         88

         2          2         95

         2          3         77

         3          1         76

         3          2         81

         3          3         80

9 rows selected.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

1.SQL> select s.name,k.course from student s,kc k,xkb x

  2  where s.sno=x.sno and k.cno=x.cno;

NAME       COURSE

---------- ----------

www        yuwen

qq         shuxue

whb        yingyu

www        shuxue

www        yingyu

qq         yuwen

qq         yingyu

whb        yuwen

whb        shuxue

 

9 rows selected.

2).SQL> select s.name,count(k.course) from student s,kc k,

  2  xkb x where s.sno=x.sno and k.cno=x.cno

  3  group by s.name;

 

NAME       COUNT(K.COURSE)

---------- ---------------

whb                      3

www                      3

qq                       3

3).SQL> select k.course,x.score,s.name from student s,kc k,xkb x where s.sno=x.sno and k.cno=x.cno;

 

COURSE          SCORE NAME

---------- ---------- ----------

yuwen              76 whb

yuwen              88 qq

yuwen              88 www

shuxue             81 whb

shuxue             50 www

shuxue             95 qq

yingyu             77 qq

yingyu             66 www

yingyu             80 whb

 

9 rows selected.

4).SQL> desc user_constraints;

 Name                                      Null?    Type

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 OWNER                                              VARCHAR2(30)

 CONSTRAINT_NAME                           NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 CONSTRAINT_TYPE                                    VARCHAR2(1)

 TABLE_NAME                                NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 SEARCH_CONDITION                                   LONG

 R_OWNER                                            VARCHAR2(30)

 R_CONSTRAINT_NAME                                  VARCHAR2(30)

 DELETE_RULE                                        VARCHAR2(9)

 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(8)

 DEFERRABLE                                         VARCHAR2(14)

 DEFERRED                                           VARCHAR2(9)

 VALIDATED                                          VARCHAR2(13)

 GENERATED                                          VARCHAR2(14)

 BAD                                                VARCHAR2(3)

 RELY                                               VARCHAR2(4)

 LAST_CHANGE                                        DATE

 INDEX_OWNER                                        VARCHAR2(30)

 INDEX_NAME                                         VARCHAR2(30)

 INVALID                                            VARCHAR2(7)

 VIEW_RELATED                                       VARCHAR2(14)

SQL>  select CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,OWNER from user_constraints;

 

CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME OWNER

--------------- ---------- ---------------

XKB_SNO_FK      XKB        STUDENTS

XKB_CNO_FK      XKB        STUDENTS

SYS_C0011403    KC         STUDENTS

SYS_C0011402    STUDENT    STUDENTS

SYS_C0011400    STUDENT    STUDENTS

SYS_C0011401    STUDENT    STUDENTS

 

6 rows selected.

SQL> desc user_tab_columns

 Name                                      Null?    Type

 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

 TABLE_NAME                                NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 COLUMN_NAME                               NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)

 DATA_TYPE                                          VARCHAR2(106)

 DATA_TYPE_MOD                                      VARCHAR2(3)

 DATA_TYPE_OWNER                                    VARCHAR2(30)

 DATA_LENGTH                               NOT NULL NUMBER

 DATA_PRECISION                                     NUMBER

 DATA_SCALE                                         NUMBER

 NULLABLE                                           VARCHAR2(1)

 COLUMN_ID                                          NUMBER

 DEFAULT_LENGTH                                     NUMBER

 DATA_DEFAULT                                       LONG

 NUM_DISTINCT                                       NUMBER

 LOW_VALUE                                          RAW(32)

 HIGH_VALUE                                         RAW(32)

 DENSITY                                            NUMBER

 NUM_NULLS                                          NUMBER

 NUM_BUCKETS                                        NUMBER

 LAST_ANALYZED                                      DATE

 SAMPLE_SIZE                                        NUMBER

 CHARACTER_SET_NAME                                 VARCHAR2(44)

 CHAR_COL_DECL_LENGTH                               NUMBER

 GLOBAL_STATS                                       VARCHAR2(3)

 USER_STATS                                         VARCHAR2(3)

 AVG_COL_LEN                                        NUMBER

 CHAR_LENGTH                                        NUMBER

 CHAR_USED                                          VARCHAR2(1)

 V80_FMT_IMAGE                                      VARCHAR2(3)

 DATA_UPGRADED                                      VARCHAR2(3)

 HISTOGRAM                                          VARCHAR2(15)

SQL> select TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE from user_tab_columns;

 

TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME                    DATA_TYPE

---------- ------------------------------ ----------

KC         TERM                           NUMBER

KC         XUESHI                         NUMBER

KC         XUEFEN                         NUMBER

KC         COURSE                         VARCHAR2

KC         CNO                            NUMBER

STUDENT    POLITICS_STATUS                VARCHAR2

STUDENT    BORN                           DATE

STUDENT    SEX                            VARCHAR2

STUDENT    NAME                           VARCHAR2

STUDENT    SNO                            NUMBER

XKB        SCORE                          NUMBER

 

TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME                    DATA_TYPE

---------- ------------------------------ ----------

XKB        CNO                            NUMBER

XKB        SNO                            NUMBER

 

13 rows selected.

查看约束:

SQL>  select OWNER,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME from USER_CONS_COLUMNS;

 

OWNER           CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME           COLUMN_NAM

--------------- --------------- -------------------- ----------

STUDENTS        XKB_CNO_FK      XKB                  CNO

STUDENTS        XKB_SNO_FK      XKB                  SNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011403    KC                   CNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011402    STUDENT              SNO

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011401    STUDENT              SEX

STUDENTS        SYS_C0011400    STUDENT              NAME

 

6 rows selected.

5). 主键约束,惟一性约束,非空约束关系:

主键即唯一且为非空,主键可以为唯一键,而唯一键不能成为主键。

唯一键,只是唯一,它不满足非空要求,所以不能为主键。

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/31397003/viewspace-2127036/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/31397003/viewspace-2127036/

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