关于数据库open的深入探究(转)

关于数据库open的深入探究(转)[@more@]

关于数据库open的深入探究

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 131142648 bytes

Fixed Size 451576 bytes

Variable Size 104857600 bytes

Database Buffers 25165824 bytes

Redo Buffers 667648 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter session set sql_trace = true;

Session altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL>

首先我们来参考跟踪文件的前部分(参考附件)

这是第一个对象的创建

create table bootstrap$ ( line# number not null, obj#

number not null, sql_text varchar2(4000) not null) storage (initial

50K objno 56 extents (file 1 block 377))

接下来我们来看执行的是

select line#, sql_text

from

bootstrap$ where obj# != :1

(这里实际上是逐步提取内容建立字典表本身的结构,根据后面内容可知)

那么在这里我们在数据库中来看看 bootstap$

SQL> desc bootstrap$

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

LINE# NOT NULL NUMBER

OBJ# NOT NULL NUMBER

SQL_TEXT NOT NULL VARCHAR2(4000)

SQL>

SQL> select count(*) from bootstrap$;

57

SQL>

SQL> select obj#,sql_text from bootstrap$ where rownum<11;

-1

8.0.0.0.0

0

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT SYSTEM STORAGE ( INITIAL 112K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 M

AXEXTENTS 32765 OBJNO 0 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 9))

8

CREATE CLUSTER C_FILE#_BLOCK#("TS#" NUMBER,"SEGFILE#" NUMBER,"SEGBLOCK#" NUMBER)

PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 24K NEXT 1024K

MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 8 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK

73)) SIZE 225

9

CREATE INDEX I_FILE#_BLOCK# ON CLUSTER C_FILE#_BLOCK# PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXT

RANS 255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PC

TINCREASE 0 OBJNO 9 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 81))

14

CREATE TABLE SEG$("FILE#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"BLOCK#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"TYPE#" NUMBE

R NOT NULL,"TS#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"BLOCKS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"EXTENTS" NUMBER NOT N

ULL,"INIEXTS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"MINEXTS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"MAXEXTS" NUMBER NOT NUL

L,"EXTSIZE" NUMBER NOT NULL,"EXTPCT" NUMBER NOT NULL,"USER#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"LI

STS" NUMBER,"GROUPS" NUMBER,"BITMAPRANGES" NUMBER NOT NULL,"CACHEHINT" NUMBER NO

T NULL,"SCANHINT" NUMBER NOT NULL,"HWMINCR" NUMBER NOT NULL,"SPARE1" NUMBER,"SPA

RE2" NUMBER) STORAGE ( OBJNO 14 TABNO 2) CLUSTER C_FILE#_BLOCK#(TS#,FILE#,BLOCK

#)

5

CREATE TABLE CLU$("OBJ#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"DATAOBJ#" NUMBER,"TS#" NUMBER NOT NULL

,"FILE#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"BLOCK#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"COLS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"PCTFRE

E$" NUMBER NOT NULL,"PCTUSED$" NUMBER NOT NULL,"INITRANS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"MAXTR

ANS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"SIZE$" NUMBER,"HASHFUNC" VARCHAR2(30),"HASHKEYS" NUMBER,"F

UNC" NUMBER,"EXTIND" NUMBER,"FLAGS" NUMBER,"DEGREE" NUMBER,"INSTANCES" NUMBER,"A

VGCHN" NUMBER,"SPARE1" NUMBER,"SPARE2" NUMBER,"SPARE3" NUMBER,"SPARE4" NUMBER,"S

PARE5" VARCHAR2(1000),"SPARE6" VARCHAR2(1000),"SPARE7" DATE) STORAGE ( OBJNO 5

TABNO 2) CLUSTER C_OBJ#(OBJ#)

6

CREATE CLUSTER C_TS#("TS#" NUMBER) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREAS

E 0 OBJNO 6 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 57))

7

CREATE INDEX I_TS# ON CLUSTER C_TS# PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE (

INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO

7 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 65))

18

CREATE TABLE OBJ$("OBJ#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"DATAOBJ#" NUMBER,"OWNER#" NUMBER NOT N

ULL,"NAME" VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,"NAMESPACE" NUMBER NOT NULL,"SUBNAME" VARCHAR2(

30),"TYPE#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"CTIME" DATE NOT NULL,"MTIME" DATE NOT NULL,"STIME"

DATE NOT NULL,"STATUS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"REMOTEOWNER" VARCHAR2(30),"LINKNAME" VAR

CHAR2(128),"FLAGS" NUMBER,"OID$" RAW(16),"SPARE1" NUMBER,"SPARE2" NUMBER,"SPARE3

" NUMBER,"SPARE4" VARCHAR2(1000),"SPARE5" VARCHAR2(1000),"SPARE6" DATE) PCTFREE

10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 16K NEXT 1024K MINEXTEN

TS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 18 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 121))

36

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX I_OBJ1 ON OBJ$(OBJ#) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STOR

AGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 O

BJNO 36 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 217))

10 rows selected.

SQL>

由这里我们可以看出，bootstrap$ 中实际上是记录了一些数据库系统基本对象的创建语句

那对于我们数据库来说，也可以看做建立一个表结构，通过这个结构可以通过关系型数据库的方式去获取文件中数据

ok,接下来我们看看trace文件中的内容，发现

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT SYSTEM STORAGE ( INITIAL 112K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS

1 MAXEXTENTS 32765 OBJNO 0 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 9))

在数据库系统表空间的头部创建了系统回滚段（block 9 开始，1---8 属于数据文件头）

再往下

CREATE CLUSTER C_OBJ#("OBJ#" NUMBER) PCTFREE 5 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS

255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 136K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 2 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 25)) SIZE 800

这里同样是直接指定了该cluster 的段头位置 block 25

SQL> select file_id,block_id from dba_extents where segment_name = 'C_OBJ#';

1 25

1 33

1 41

1 3241

1 4441

1 4473

1 4489

1 4513

1 4529

1 4561

1 4585

1 4609

1 4641

1 4681

1 4753

1 4833

1 4873

1 12681

1 23689

1 26249

20 rows selected.

CREATE INDEX I_OBJ# ON CLUSTER C_OBJ# PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255

STORAGE ( INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 3 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 49))

CREATE TABLE TAB$("OBJ#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"DATAOBJ#" NUMBER,"TS#" NUMBER NOT

NULL,"FILE#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"BLOCK#" NUMBER NOT NULL,"BOBJ#" NUMBER,"TAB#"

NUMBER,"COLS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"CLUCOLS" NUMBER,"PCTFREE$" NUMBER NOT NULL,

"PCTUSED$" NUMBER NOT NULL,"INITRANS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"MAXTRANS" NUMBER NOT

NULL,"FLAGS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"AUDIT$" VARCHAR2(38) NOT NULL,"ROWCNT" NUMBER,

"BLKCNT" NUMBER,"EMPCNT" NUMBER,"AVGSPC" NUMBER,"CHNCNT" NUMBER,"AVGRLN"

NUMBER,"AVGSPC_FLB" NUMBER,"FLBCNT" NUMBER,"ANALYZETIME" DATE,"SAMPLESIZE"

NUMBER,"DEGREE" NUMBER,"INSTANCES" NUMBER,"INTCOLS" NUMBER NOT NULL,

"KERNELCOLS" NUMBER NOT NULL,"PROPERTY" NUMBER NOT NULL,"TRIGFLAG" NUMBER,

"SPARE1" NUMBER,"SPARE2" NUMBER,"SPARE3" NUMBER,"SPARE4" VARCHAR2(1000),

"SPARE5" VARCHAR2(1000),"SPARE6" DATE) STORAGE ( OBJNO 4 TABNO 1) CLUSTER

C_OBJ#(OBJ#)

我们可以看到，从tab$ 开始，存储发生了变化，

STORAGE ( OBJNO 4 TABNO 1) CLUSTER C_OBJ#(OBJ#)

那这里的 objno 4 tabno 1 表示什么意思呢?(通过 cluster C_OBJ#(OBJ#)我们就可以找到表tab$自身)

SQL> select * from tab$ where obj# = 4 and tab# = 1;

OBJ# DATAOBJ# TS# FILE# BLOCK# BOBJ# TAB#

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

COLS CLUCOLS PCTFREE$ PCTUSED$ INITRANS MAXTRANS FLAGS

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

AUDIT$ ROWCNT BLKCNT EMPCNT

-------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

AVGSPC CHNCNT AVGRLN AVGSPC_FLB FLBCNT ANALYZETI SAMPLESIZE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

DEGREE INSTANCES INTCOLS KERNELCOLS PROPERTY TRIGFLAG SPARE1

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

SPARE2 SPARE3

---------- ----------

SPARE4

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SPARE5

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SPARE6

---------

4 2 0 1 25 2 1

37 1 0 0 0 0 17

-------------------------------- 921 428 83

2381 0 139 6368 7 11-AUG-03 921

37 37 1024 0 0

06-AUG-03

SQL>

由这里可以看出，存储参数从这里开始，就从数据文件中固定表的记录中取出来

由此再往trace文件看下去，就会发现这个时候数据库已经可以通过已有信息从系统表空间文件中提取结构信息和数据信息

我们看上面关于存储的定义

CREATE CLUSTER C_OBJ#("OBJ#" NUMBER) PCTFREE 5 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS

255 STORAGE ( INITIAL 136K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645

PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 2 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 25)) SIZE 800

这里的extents 指明了是 block 25,我们假设在初始化参数文件中db_block_size设置不当，则必然导致文件位置定位错误

之所以要来研究这个问题（以前研究了今天写出来而已），是因为最早思考这样一个问题

我们要查询自己系统的一个表，则首先是去数据字典中找到该表的结构性信息

这些结构性信息存储在数据字典表中，但我们又从哪里获得数据字典表本身的结构性信息呢？

虽然从表中我们可以查询到字典表本身的结构性信息，那在数据库open的时候最初是如何确定结构的？

是写死在程序中呢？还是怎样处理的

由上面内容我们可以看出，程序中只要提供 bootstrap$ 的创建脚本，确定好bootstap$的结构同时指定了段头的位置

然后就能通过段头去获取bootstrap$中的内容，而这些内容就是为一些字典表创建结构的sql_text

这样就因了bootstrap$这个天生的蛋，孵化出了c_obj#,tab$等等鸡，这些鸡又继续生蛋，则完成了数据库字典表结构的建立

也就是说，oracle用关系型表来实现了自身结构的建

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