在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2,重开机之后,你会发现Oracle没有自行启动,这是正常的,因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动,必须要自行设定相关参数,首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
一、在Linux下启动Oracle
登录到CentOS,切换到oracle用户权限
# su – oracle
接着输入:
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
原本的画面会变为
SQL>
接着请输入
SQL> startup
就可以正常的启动数据库了。
另外停止数据库的指令如下:
SQL> shutdown immediate
二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常
回到终端机模式,输入:
$ lsnrctl status
检查看看监听器是否有启动
如果没有启动,可以输入:
$ lsnrctl start
启动监听器
SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba
然后输入密码,sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。
三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的,这边要另外启动,启动的指令如下:
$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长,执行完的画面如下:
手动启动Oracle数据库完毕,下面创建系统自行启动Oracle的脚本。
四、Oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件:/etc/oratab,只有这样,Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME::
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/etc/oratab 由root.sh 脚本创建,在用DBCA 创建实例时也会更新这个文件。
当$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME: 设置为Y时,允许实例自启动,当设置为N时,则不允许自启动。 这个文件里的配置仅仅起一个开关的作用,其并不会具体的执行启动和关闭,具体的操作由$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart和dbshut 脚本来实现。 这2个脚本在执行时会检查/etc/oratab 文件里的配置,为Y时才能继续执行。
所以配置数据库自启动和关闭的步骤如下:
(1) 配置/etc/oratab
(2) 修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart和dbshut,并将其添加到/etc/rc(.local) 文件中。
这里是使用oracle 自带的dbstart 和dbshut脚本,如果使用自己写的脚本来启动或关闭DB 就不需要关心这个文件的设置了。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle,内容如下:
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Listener: [记得先启动监听再启动db,stop时刚好相反, 否则会报错,虽然不影响db正常运行 ]
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;; (此处的两个分号不能少,我就是因为疏忽,少了两个这个,纠结了好一会儿 )
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
3. 改变文件权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
4. 添加服务
# chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库,做一下操作
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机
# ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启
6. 使用方法
# service oracle start //启动oracle
# service oracle stop //关闭oracle
# service oracle restart //重启oracle
7. 测试
a. 开机自启动
Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20
KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20
JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
rows selected.
SQL>
b. service oracle stop
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> set linesize 300;
SQL> set pagesize 30;
SQL> select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
SQL>
c. service oracle start
SQL> Disconnected
[oracle@ORS ~]$ logout
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle start
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
d. service oracle restart
[root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart
Stoping Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
Stoping Oracle Databases ...
Done.
Starting Oracle Databases ...
Done
Starting Oracle Listeners ...
Done.
[root@ORS ~]#
至此,Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。
------------------------>> 更简单的方法[如果不用自己写脚本加到初始化程度中,而是将相关命令加到linux的crontab中,运用的是oracle成型脚本 ]:
1.安装好Oracle数据库后: 执行 dbstart和dbshut会提示:
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
错误原因是:dbstart和dbshut脚本文件中ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER的设置有问题,分别打开两个文件找到:ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME,命令如下:
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
修改后保存退出,第一个问题已解决;
2.如何在Linux启动时自动启动Oracle监听和实例
首先要解决上面的问题,才能继续哟!
第一步:修改/etc/oratab文件,命令如下:
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ vi /etc/oratab
找到:accp:/u01/oracle:N 修改为: accp:/u01/oracle:Y
第二步:把lsnrctl start和dbstart添加到rc.local文件中,命令如下:
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加:
su oracle -lc "/u01/oracle/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /u01/oracle/bin/dbstart
注意:第一个命令有空格,所以要用引号的来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/29119536/viewspace-1266913/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/29119536/viewspace-1266913/