【备份恢复】 从控制文件自动备份还原服务器参数文件

前提：启用了控制文件自动备份，且已存在自动备份文件
RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD1 are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f'; # default

RMAN> backup tablespace system;

Starting backup at 21-DEC-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-DEC-16
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-DEC-16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/backupset/2016_12_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161221T144948_d5n9jf17_.bkp tag=TAG20161221T144948 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 21-DEC-16

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-DEC-16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_21/o1_mf_s_931186204_d5n9jw51_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 21-DEC-16

1.删除spfile参数文件
[oracle@host01 backup]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls
hc_PROD1.dat  init.ora  lkPROD1  orapwPROD1  snapcf_PROD1.f  spfilePROD1.ora  spfilePROD1.ora.

[oracle@host01 dbs]$ rm spfilePROD1.ora

2.关闭数据库，通过RMAN自动备份的控制文件，来恢复spfile
SYS@PROD1>shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@PROD1>ed 003
run{
   restore spfile from autobackup
   recovery area='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/'
   DB_NAME='PROD1';
  }

RMAN> run{
2>     restore spfile from autobackup
3>     recovery area='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/'
4>     DB_NAME='PROD1';
5>    }

Starting restore at 21-DEC-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
database name (or database unique name) used for search: PROD1
channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_21/o1_mf_s_931186204_d5n9jw51_.bkp found in the recovery area
AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2016_12_21/o1_mf_s_931186204_d5n9jw51_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 21-DEC-16

[oracle@host01 dbs]$ ls spfilePROD1.ora
spfilePROD1.ora

3.验证spfile文件恢复
SYS@PROD1>conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SYS@PROD1>select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
STARTED

SYS@PROD1>shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@PROD1>startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  835104768 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257840 bytes
Variable Size             520096848 bytes
Database Buffers          310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers                2371584 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SYS@PROD1>select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

注 1：如果自动备份控制文件没有存放在快速恢复区中，那么首先要先set DBID=******
   2：如果想把生成的spfile不指向默认路径，那么恢复语句如下：
     RESTORE SPFILE TO FROM AUTOBACKUP

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