背景
citus是PG的一个插件，插件主要针对普通SQL（非UTILITY）加HOOK进行了一些ROUTE处理，同时使用UDF对表进行新建分区的操作。
如果用户如果要执行DDL，那么CITUS无法接管，应该如何操作呢？
分两种情况，一种需要在所有节点（CN以及WORKER）执行，还有一些只需要在CN节点执行。
需要在所有节点（CN以及WORKER）执行的DDL
由于这些DDL在CN节点执行时，不会自动在WORKER执行，所以需要在所有节点执行。
常用的DDL包括：
1、新建用户
Command: CREATE ROLE Description: define a new database role Syntax: CREATE ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] where option can be: SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION | BYPASSRLS | NOBYPASSRLS | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit | [ ENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password' | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' | IN ROLE role_name [, ...] | IN GROUP role_name [, ...] | ROLE role_name [, ...] | ADMIN role_name [, ...] | USER role_name [, ...] | SYSID uid
2、新建数据库
Command: CREATE DATABASE Description: create a new database Syntax: CREATE DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] user_name ] [ TEMPLATE [=] template ] [ ENCODING [=] encoding ] [ LC_COLLATE [=] lc_collate ] [ LC_CTYPE [=] lc_ctype ] [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name ] [ ALLOW_CONNECTIONS [=] allowconn ] [ CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] [ IS_TEMPLATE [=] istemplate ] ]
所有节点新建数据库后一定不要忘记：
2.1、在所有节点新增的DB内添加citus插件
create extension citus;
2.2、仅在CN节点，连到新建数据库里面添加worker节点。（千万不要忘记，每新建一个DB，都需要重复做。所以可以把它做到模板库里面，新建DB时，使用模板新建。）
例如
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.224', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.230', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.231', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.225', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.227', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.232', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.226', 1921);\""
su - postgres -c "psql -c \"SELECT * from master_add_node('xxx.xxx.xxx.229', 1921);\""
postgres=# SELECT * FROM master_get_active_worker_nodes();
node_name | node_port
----------------+-----------
xxx.xxx.xxx.227 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.229 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.231 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.225 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.224 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.226 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.230 | 1921
xxx.xxx.xxx.232 | 1921
(8 rows)
2.3、如果使用了MX功能，还需要添加一遍。
参考
《PostgreSQL sharding : citus 系列1 - 多机部署（含OLTP(TPC-B)测试）》
### CN MX : OLTP 读、写能力扩展
3、新建schema
Command: CREATE SCHEMA Description: define a new schema Syntax: CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION role_specification ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION role_specification [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION role_specification ] CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS AUTHORIZATION role_specification where role_specification can be: user_name | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER
4、新建函数
自定义函数
Command: CREATE FUNCTION
Description: define a new function
Syntax:
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION
name ( [ [ argmode ] [ argname ] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } default_expr ] [, ...] ] )
[ RETURNS rettype
| RETURNS TABLE ( column_name column_type [, ...] ) ]
{ LANGUAGE lang_name
| TRANSFORM { FOR TYPE type_name } [, ... ]
| WINDOW
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | [ NOT ] LEAKPROOF
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| PARALLEL { UNSAFE | RESTRICTED | SAFE }
| COST execution_cost
| ROWS result_rows
| SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]
5、新建操作符
自定义操作符
6、新建类型
自定义类型
7、新建插件
Command: CREATE EXTENSION Description: install an extension Syntax: CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] extension_name [ WITH ] [ SCHEMA schema_name ] [ VERSION version ] [ FROM old_version ] [ CASCADE ]
以上为常用的DDL，需要在所有节点执行。
仅需要在CN节点执行的DDL
1、新建表，调用citus函数创建分片。
例子
create table test(id int primary key, info text);
select create_distributed_table('test','id');
2、新建视图
Command: CREATE VIEW Description: define a new view Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ TEMP | TEMPORARY ] [ RECURSIVE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] [ WITH ( view_option_name [= view_option_value] [, ... ] ) ] AS query [ WITH [ CASCADED | LOCAL ] CHECK OPTION ]
视图仅需在CN节点操作，因为SQL最后会解析成视图里面的内容。例如
create view v2 as select * from pgbench_accounts where aid=1; create view v3 as select * from v2; postgres=# explain verbose select * from v2; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Custom Scan (Citus Router) (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0) Output: remote_scan.aid, remote_scan.bid, remote_scan.abalance, remote_scan.filler Task Count: 1 Tasks Shown: All -> Task Node: host=172.24.211.232 port=1921 dbname=postgres -> Index Scan using pgbench_accounts_pkey_106819 on public.pgbench_accounts_106819 pgbench_accounts (cost=0.28..2.50 rows=1 width=97) Output: pgbench_accounts.aid, pgbench_accounts.bid, pgbench_accounts.abalance, pgbench_accounts.filler Index Cond: (pgbench_accounts.aid = 1) (9 rows) postgres=# explain verbose select * from v3; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Custom Scan (Citus Router) (cost=0.00..0.00 rows=0 width=0) Output: remote_scan.aid, remote_scan.bid, remote_scan.abalance, remote_scan.filler Task Count: 1 Tasks Shown: All -> Task Node: host=172.24.211.232 port=1921 dbname=postgres -> Index Scan using pgbench_accounts_pkey_106819 on public.pgbench_accounts_106819 pgbench_accounts (cost=0.28..2.50 rows=1 width=97) Output: pgbench_accounts.aid, pgbench_accounts.bid, pgbench_accounts.abalance, pgbench_accounts.filler Index Cond: (pgbench_accounts.aid = 1) (9 rows)
特例
视图虽然仅需在CN操作，但是如果你需要在worker节点使用这个视图（或者说你用了CITUS MX特性，需要使用worker节点承担其他操作），那么也需要在worker节点创建视图。
原文地址：https://github.com/digoal/blog/blob/master/201809/20180905_01.md
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/23503672/viewspace-2215699/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/23503672/viewspace-2215699/
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