查看数据文件的使用情况
包括内容:数据文件大小,已经used空间,free空间,hwm信息
select /*+ ordered use_hash(a,b,c) */
a.file_id,a.file_name,a.filesize, b.freesize,
(a.filesize-b.freesize) usedsize,
c.hwmsize,
c.hwmsize - (a.filesize-b.freesize) unsedsize_belowhwm,
a.filesize - c.hwmsize canshrinksize
from
(
select file_id,file_name,round(bytes/1024/1024) filesize from dba_data_files
) a,
(
select file_id,round(sum(dfs.bytes)/1024/1024) freesize from dba_free_space dfs
group by file_id
) b,
(
select file_id,round(max(block_id)*8/1024) HWMsize from dba_extents
group by file_id) c
where a.file_id = b.file_id
and a.file_id = c.file_id
order by unsedsize_belowhwm desc
结果说明:
File_id : 文件编号
File_name: 文件名称
File_size: 数据文件占用磁盘空间大小
Freesize:文件中被标记为free的空间大小
Usedsize: 使用的空间大小。
Hwmsize: 已经分配出去的空间大小,如果希望通过alter database datafile … resize integerM回收空间,将需要这个值作为参考,不能回收到这个值之下,否则会报错。
Freee_belowhwm_size: 在HWM(高水位标记线之下的空闲空间数),这个是理论上的可以回收的空间大小。
Curr_can_shrink: 这个是实际大小与HWM标记之间的差,就是还没有分配出去的空间大小。
file_idfile_namefilesizefreesizeusedsizehwmsizefree_belowhwm_sizecurr_can_shrink
11/oradata/ODSD01.dbf20481908140204819080
12/oradata/ODSD02.dbf20481897151204818970
20/oradata/ODSD10.dbf20481897151204818970
16/oradata/ODSD06.dbf20481889159204818890
15/oradata/ODSD05.dbf20481888160204818880
19/oradata/ODSD09.dbf20481885163204818850
13/oradata/ODSD03.dbf20481884164204818840
17/oradata/ODSD07.dbf20481884164204818840
14/oradata/ODSD04.dbf20481813235204118067
34/oradata/DWD01.dbf40003701299208817891912
51/oradata/ODSD11.dbf204819638515841499464
21/oradata/ODSI01.dbf2048191313516171482431
25/oradata/ODSI05.dbf2048191013816071469441
22/oradata/ODSI02.dbf2048190314516061461442
24/oradata/ODSI04.dbf2048190913915921453456
23/oradata/ODSI03.dbf2048189215616031447445
48/oradata/ODSI06.dbf2048192512315591436489
30/oradata/TODSD05.dbf2048180424413151071733
18/oradata/ODSD08.dbf2048188116712251058823
27/oradata/TODSD02.dbf2048181823012441014804
31/oradata/TODSI01.dbf20481977719368651112
35/oradata/DWI01.dbf20481973759368611112
32/oradata/TODSI02.dbf20481969798677881181
43/oradata/DWI03.dbf20481975738027291246
42/oradata/DWI02.dbf20481983657556901293
39/oradata/TODSI04.dbf20481971776806031368
26/oradata/TODSD01.dbf204818192298306011218
40/oradata/TODSI05.dbf20481976726095371439
28/oradata/TODSD03.dbf204817932557024471346
37/oradata/TODSI03.dbf204819461024503481598
29/oradata/TODSD04.dbf204817932554852301563
33/oradata/CTL01.dbf50049462115479
10/oradata/xdb01.dbf473444621
1/oradata/system01.dbf104061034103406
3/oradata/cwmlite01.dbf202181802
4/oradata/drsys01.dbf20101010010
36/oradata/OD01.dbf50040793930407
5/oradata/example01.dbf139013913900
54/oradata/TCLKING.dbf505500
56/oradata/undotbs03.dbf1000996440996
55/oradata/HWM01.dbf50004963373704963
49/oradata/DP23.dbf1073307
7/oradata/odm01.dbf201199011
9/oradata/users01.dbf8308382-11
46/oradata/RPTI01.dbf1024802222221-1803
45/oradata/RPTD01.dbf1024923101100-1924
38/oradata/FBI.dbf20079121120-180
对想收缩的表空间中的表及索引进行rebuild
建立测试表空间
SQL> create tablespace HWM datafile ‘/oradata/HWM01.dbf’ size 5000M;
Tablespace created;
SQL> alter tablespace HWM add datafile '/oradata/HWM02.dbf' size 5000M;
Tablespace altered
move表空间的long类型
LONG类型的数据超难管理,不能通过move来传输,也不能通过诸如insert t1 select long_col from t2的方式(或者使用游标可以解决这个问题)请注意在设计中尽量避免使用LONG类型。
检查当前表空间中的LONG类型字段。
select /*+use_hash(ds,dtc)*/
ds.tablespace_name,ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name,ds.segment_type,
dtc.DATA_TYPE,dtc.COLUMN_NAME
from dba_tab_columns dtc , dba_segments ds
where dtc.TABLE_NAME = ds.segment_name
and dtc.OWNER = ds.owner
and ds.tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM','CWMLITE','EXAMPLE','UNDOTBS2','HWM')
and data_type = 'LONG'
tablespacesegmentnamesegtypedatatypecolname
CTLCTL.ETL_LOGTABLELONGEXECUTE_SQL
CTLCTL.PLAN_TABLETABLELONGOTHER
DWDDW.PLAN_TABLETABLELONGOTHER
CTLOD.PLAN_TABLETABLELONGOTHER
FBIFBI.PLAN_TABLETABLELONGOTHER
对long类型的数据处理的一个简单的方法实将LONG类型字段直接修改为LOB类型。
select /*+use_hash(ds,dtc)*/
'alter table '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' modify '||dtc.COLUMN_NAME||' clob;'
from dba_tab_columns dtc , dba_segments ds
where dtc.TABLE_NAME = ds.segment_name
and dtc.OWNER = ds.owner
and ds.tablespace_name not in ('SYSTEM','CWMLITE','EXAMPLE','UNDOTBS2','HWM')
and data_type = 'LONG'
修改类型语句
alter table CTL.ETL_LOG modify EXECUTE_SQL clob;
alter table CTL.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
alter table DW.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
alter table OD.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
alter table FBI.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
SQL> alter table CTL.ETL_LOG modify EXECUTE_SQL clob;
Table altered
SQL> alter table CTL.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
Table altered
SQL> alter table DW.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
Table altered
SQL> alter table OD.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
Table altered
SQL> alter table FBI.PLAN_TABLE modify OTHER clob;
Table altered
move表空间下的普通table及index
SQL> alter table tbname move tablespace newtbname;
Move一个表到另外一个表空间时,索引不会跟着一块move,而且会失效。在创建失效的索引之前,使用到索引的查询语句将会报错。失效的索引需要使用rebuild重创建。
Alter index index_name rebuild;
Alter index pk_name rebuild;
如果我们需要move索引到另外一个表空间,则需要使用rebuild
Alter index index_name rebuild tablespace tbs_name;
Alter index pk_name rebuild tablespace tbs_name;
select ds.tablespace_name,'alter table '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' move tablespace HWM;'
from dba_segments ds
where ds.tablespace_name not in('SYSTEM','CWMLITE','EXAMPLE','UNDOTBS2',
'HWM','XDB','WKSYS','CTXSYS','ODM_MTR','USERS','DRSYS','HTEC','HAPPYTREE')
and ds.segment_type = 'TABLE';
SQL> alter table ODS.SM_PRODUCT_SPEC_SHOW move tablespace HWM;
Table altered
SQL> alter table DW.D_PRODUCT_INFO move tablespace HWM;
Table altered
select ds.tablespace_name,'alter INDEX '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' rebuild tablespace HWM;'
from dba_segments ds
where ds.tablespace_name not in('SYSTEM','CWMLITE','EXAMPLE','UNDOTBS2',
'HWM','XDB','WKSYS','CTXSYS','ODM_MTR','USERS','DRSYS','HTEC','HAPPYTREE')
and ds.segment_type = 'INDEX'
…
SQL> alter INDEX CTL.IDX_TL_ADJUSTMENT_CONFIRMDATE rebuild tablespace HWM;
Index altered
SQL> alter INDEX CTL.IDX_TL_ADJUSTMENT_ORDER rebuild tablespace HWM;
Index altered
…
move表空间下的分区table及index
和普通表一样,索引也会失效,区别的仅仅是语法而已。
分区表move基本语法
如果是单级分区,则使用关键字partition,如果是多级分区,则使用subpartition替代partition。如果分区或分区索引比较大,可以使用并行move或rebuild,parallel(degree 2)。
重建全局索引
Alter index global_index rebuild;
或
Alter index global_index rebuild tablespace tbs_name;
重建局部索引
Alter table tab_name modify partition partition_name rebuild unusable local indexes;
或
Alter index local_index_name rebuild partition partition_name tablespace tbs_name;
Move分区表
select cname
from (
select rownum rm,'alter table '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' move partition '||ds.partition_name||' tablespace HWM;' cname
from dba_segments ds
where ds.tablespace_name not in('SYSTEM','CWMLITE','EXAMPLE','UNDOTBS2',
'HWM','XDB','WKSYS','CTXSYS','ODM_MTR','USERS','DRSYS','HTEC','HAPPYTREE')
and ds.segment_type = 'TABLE PARTITION'
) c
where rm between 1 and 100;
循环执行上述语句,直到选不出结果。
SQL> alter table ODS.CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM move partition CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM_P070603 tablespace HWM;
Table altered
SQL> alter table ODS.CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM move partition CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM_P070604 tablespace HWM;
Table altered
重建全局索引
Oracle的全局索引也存储在dba_segments中,并以index标志,而且其重建方式跟普通索引一致,所以在执行忘回导入的时候需要按照move 普通表;move分区表;move全局索引;move分区索引;move lob对象的顺序进行。
重建分区索引
视图dba_part_indexes存储分区表的本地索引,查询发现当前系统中不存在本地索引,可以忽略。
select * from dba_part_indexes t where t.owner not in ('SYSTEM','SH')
move表空间下的LOB类型
在建立含有Lob字典的表时,oracle会自动为Lob字段建立两个单独的segment,一个用来存放数据(segment_type=LOBSEGMENT),另一个用来存放索引(segment_type=LOBINDEX)。默认他们会存储在和表一起的表空间。
我们对表move时,LOB类型字段和该字段索引不会跟着move,必须使用单据的语句来执行该字段的move,语法如下:
Alter table t321 move tablespace HWM;
Later table t321 move lob(en) store as (tablespace HWM);
select 'alter table '||dtc.owner||'.'||dtc.TABLE_NAME||' move lob('||dtc.COLUMN_NAME||') store as(tablespace HWM);'
from dba_tab_columns dtc
where dtc.OWNER in('CTL','DW','RPT','OD','ODS','TODS','FBI','DP22','DP23','TCLKING')
and dtc.DATA_TYPE like '%LOB'
SQL> alter table DP22.D_KPI move lob(KPIFORM) store as(tablespace HWM);
Table altered
SQL> alter table DP22.D_KPI move lob(KPIFORMDSPN) store as(tablespace HWM);
Table altered
执行完上述操作步骤后,我们检查tablespace的空间使用情况可以发现,所有相关数据文件的hwm都已经变为0,也就是说所有的空间都已经变为未分配状态。但这时如果我们将数据文件dump出去,会发现原来的数据还在,只不过在数据字典中将其标识为未分配。
Move对象的逆顺序
普通表对象
将普通表对象和分区表对象按照其owner的不同从HWM临时表空间move到其默认的表空间中区。
select ds.tablespace_name,'alter table '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' move tablespace '||du.default_tablespace||';'
from dba_segments ds , dba_users du
where ds.owner = du.username
and ds.owner in ('CTL','DW','RPT','OD','ODS','TODS','FBI','DP22','DP23','TCLKING')
and ds.tablespace_name = 'HWM'
and ds.segment_type = 'TABLE';
SQL> alter table TODS.CR_PARTY_RELATIONSHIP move tablespace TODSD;
Table altered
SQL> alter table TODS.CR_PARTY_RELATIONSHIP_TYPE move tablespace TODSD;
Table altered
分区表对象
select cname
from (
select rownum rm,'alter table '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' move partition '||ds.partition_name||' tablespace '||du.default_tablespace||';' cname
from dba_segments ds , dba_users du
where ds.owner = du.username
and ds.owner in ('CTL','DW','RPT','OD','ODS','TODS','FBI','DP22','DP23','TCLKING')
and ds.tablespace_name = 'HWM'
and ds.segment_type = 'TABLE PARTITION'
) c
where rm between 1 and 500;
反复执行上述过程,直到没有记录可以选择。
SQL> alter table ODS.CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM move partition CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM_P080513 tablespace ODSD;
Table altered
SQL> alter table ODS.CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM move partition CR_PS_INVENTORY_ITEM_P080514 tablespace ODSD;
Table altered
索引对象
索引对象存储的tablespace的命令标准为username+’I’,如果类似的表空间不存在,我们就将索引数据存储到用户的默认表空间中。所以我们可以使用下面的语句将index rebuild到对应的表空间中。
select 'alter INDEX '||ds.owner||'.'||ds.segment_name||' rebuild tablespace '||nvl(dt.tablespace_name,du.default_tablespace)||';'
from dba_segments ds , dba_users du, dba_tablespaces dt
where ds.owner = du.username
and dt.tablespace_name(+) = du.username||'I'
and ds.owner in ('CTL','DW','RPT','OD','ODS','TODS','FBI','DP22','DP23','TCLKING')
and ds.tablespace_name = 'HWM'
and ds.segment_type = 'INDEX'
LOB类型
Lob类型数据随着table对象存储在对象owner的默认表空间中。
select 'alter table '||dtc.owner||'.'||dtc.TABLE_NAME||' move lob('||dtc.COLUMN_NAME||') store as(tablespace '||du.default_tablespace||');'
from dba_tab_columns dtc,dba_users du
where dtc.OWNER = du.username
and dtc.OWNER in('CTL','DW','RPT','OD','ODS','TODS','FBI','DP22','DP23','TCLKING')
and dtc.DATA_TYPE like '%LOB'
SQL> alter table FBI.TIME_FORMAT move lob(FORMAT) store as(tablespace FBI);
Table altered
SQL> alter table FBI.URLTABLE move lob(DETAIL) store as(tablespace FBI);
Table altered
SQL> alter table OD.PLAN_TABLE move lob(OTHER) store as(tablespace OD);
Table altered
收缩空闲表空间
首先,如果没有分配的空间不足100M,则不考虑收缩。
收缩目标:当前数据文件大小 - (没分配空间- 100M)×0.8
select /*+ ordered use_hash(a,c) */
'alter database datafile '''||a.file_name||''' resize '
||round(a.filesize - (a.filesize - c.hwmsize-100) *0.8)||'M;',
a.filesize,
c.hwmsize
from
(
select file_id,file_name,round(bytes/1024/1024) filesize from dba_data_files
) a,
(
select file_id,round(max(block_id)*8/1024) HWMsize from dba_extents
group by file_id) c
where a.file_id = c.file_id
and a.filesize - c.hwmsize > 100
收缩语句文件大小收缩目标
alter database datafile '/oradata/HWM02.dbf' resize 2671M;50001989
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD01.dbf' resize 598M;2048136
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD02.dbf' resize 592M;2048128
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD03.dbf' resize 591M;2048127
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD04.dbf' resize 742M;2048316
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD05.dbf' resize 594M;2048130
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD06.dbf' resize 597M;2048134
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD07.dbf' resize 598M;2048135
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD08.dbf' resize 472M;1470122
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD09.dbf' resize 587M;2048122
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD10.dbf' resize 595M;2048132
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI01.dbf' resize 507M;178388
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI02.dbf' resize 505M;177488
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI03.dbf' resize 529M;1772118
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI04.dbf' resize 517M;1763105
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI05.dbf' resize 525M;1775113
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSD01.dbf' resize 497M;1154233
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSD02.dbf' resize 561M;1485230
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSD03.dbf' resize 465M;1051218
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSD04.dbf' resize 431M;878219
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSD05.dbf' resize 598M;1542262
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSI01.dbf' resize 385M;123872
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSI02.dbf' resize 365M;118360
alter database datafile '/oradata/CTL01.dbf' resize 146M;19733
alter database datafile '/oradata/DWD01.dbf' resize 770M;2550225
alter database datafile '/oradata/DWI01.dbf' resize 386M;123873
alter database datafile '/oradata/OD01.dbf' resize 152M;25427
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSI03.dbf' resize 288M;85048
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSI04.dbf' resize 324M;103446
alter database datafile '/oradata/TODSI05.dbf' resize 343M;97784
alter database datafile '/oradata/DWI02.dbf' resize 356M;109472
alter database datafile '/oradata/DWI03.dbf' resize 366M;113175
alter database datafile '/oradata/RPTD01.dbf' resize 231M;36598
alter database datafile '/oradata/RPTI01.dbf' resize 300M;462159
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSI06.dbf' resize 505M;173797
alter database datafile '/oradata/ODSD11.dbf' resize 535M;1757129
alter database datafile '/oradata/undotbs03.dbf' resize 176M;28349
检查磁盘当前剩余空间
$ bdf
/dev/vg01/lvol1 133120000 33173720 99166120 25% /oradata
小结
执行整个步骤之前,/oradata磁盘下的剩余空间不足6G,执行步骤之后我们看到,目前系统中有将近100G的剩余空间^_^。
效果明显。
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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/16978544/viewspace-691852/