创建ASM实例和数据库

由于ASM实例是工作在Oracle instance上面，因此创建ASM的instance就是我们工作的第一步。
共分六步骤
1.create initial parameter files
2.create orapwd files
3.create the directory structure
4.startup the instance
5.create the spfile and restart the database
6.create the diskgroup

第一步：
创建pfile文件init_asm.ora
*.asm_diskstring='ORCL:MYVOL*'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/ASM/udump'
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/ASM/bdump'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/ASM/cdump'
*.instance_type='asm'
*.large_pool_size=12M
*.remote_login_passwordfile='SHARED'

第二步：
创建密码文件：
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwdASM password=passsw0rd entries=15

第三步：
创建目录
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/ASM/udump
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/ASM/bdump
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/ASM/cdump

第四步：
启动实例
[oracle@orahost01 10g]$ export ORACLE_SID=ASM
[oracle@orahost01 10g]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 18:56:24 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Manager
******************
如果遇到这样的问题
******************
编辑vi /etc/inittab文件
添加或取消注释这一样
hi:35:respawn:/etc/init.d/init.cssd run > /dev/null 2>&1 < /dev/null
同时我们要保证有css服务的存在，如果没有的话，需要自己添加：
[oracle@orahost01 10g]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@orahost01 10g]$ cd bin
[oracle@orahost01 bin]$ ./localconfig add
You must be logged in as root to run ./localconfig.
Log in as root and restart ./localconfig execution.
[oracle@orahost01 bin]$ exit
[root@orahost01 bin]# pwd
/opt/oracle/product/10g/bin
[root@orahost01 bin]# ./localconfig add
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized

Adding to inittab
Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.

CSS is active on these nodes.
        orahost01
CSS is active on all nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)

然后重新启动,我们再来：
[oracle@orahost01 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ASM
[oracle@orahost01 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 19:15:58 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes
Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes
Variable Size              57502420 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

no rows selected

SQL> quit

第五步:创建spfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup force
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes
Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes
Variable Size              57502420 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

第六步：创建磁盘组
[oracle@orahost01 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=ASM
[oracle@orahost01 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 19:29:21 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes
Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes
Variable Size              57502420 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

SQL> create diskgroup dgroup1 normal redundancy
  2  failgroup fgroup1 disk 'ORCL:MYVOL1','ORCL:MYVOL2'
  3  failgroup fgroup2 disk 'ORCL:MYVOL3','ORCL:MYVOL4';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> select disk_number,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_disk;

DISK_NUMBER   TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
----------- ---------- ----------
          0        392        362
          1        392        369
          2        392        364
          3        392        367

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DGROUP1                        MOUNTED

当然也可以通过手动方式来mount
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 19:31:46 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> shutdown abort
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes
Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes
Variable Size              57502420 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted
SQL> alter diskgroup dgroup1 mount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DGROUP1                        MOUNTED

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance; 

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
ASM

SQL> show parameter instance_name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                        string      ASM

之后我们就可以创建ASM数据库了。
那么创建完毕后如何启动ASM数据库，则按照如下步骤进行就可以了：
1.启动ASM实例
2.启动ASM数据库的实例

下面是自己另外做的一个小测试，很简单，备忘吧
[oracle@orahost01 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Dec 31 20:10:01 2007

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started

Total System Global Area   83886080 bytes
Fixed Size                  1217836 bytes
Variable Size              57502420 bytes
ASM Cache                  25165824 bytes
ORA-15110: no diskgroups mounted

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /opt/oracle/product/10g/dbs/sp
                                                 fileASM.ora
SQL> show parameter asm_

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups                       string
asm_diskstring                       string      ORCL:MYDISK*
asm_power_limit                      integer     1
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           STATE
------------------------------ -----------
ALANGROUP                      DISMOUNTED

SQL> alter diskgroup alangroup mount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> show parameter asm_ 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups                       string      ALANGROUP
asm_diskstring                       string      ORCL:MYDISK*
asm_power_limit                      integer     1
SQL>

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