启动oracle数据库的时候报ORA-00205错误：

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 612368384 bytes
Fixed Size 1220868 bytes
Variable Size 209719036 bytes
Database Buffers 398458880 bytes
Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[root@tonykorn bdump]# vi alert_orcl.log

Sat Sep 1 15:58:23 2007
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Shared memory segment for instance monitoring created
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =18
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
sga_target = 612368384
control_files = /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
db_block_size = 8192
compatible = 10.2.0.1.0
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
db_recovery_file_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
db_domain =
dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)
job_queue_processes = 10
background_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump
user_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
core_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump
audit_file_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
db_name = orcl
open_cursors = 300
pga_aggregate_target = 203423744
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=7683
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=7685
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=7687
DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=7689
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=7691
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=7693
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=7695
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=7697
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=7699
:$
sga_target = 612368384
control_files = /oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
db_block_size = 8192
__db_cache_size = 398458880
compatible = 10.2.0.1.0
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
db_recovery_file_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
db_domain =
dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)
job_queue_processes = 10
background_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump
user_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
core_dump_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump
audit_file_dest = /oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
db_name = orcl
open_cursors = 300
pga_aggregate_target = 203423744
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=5011
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=5013
MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=5015
DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=5017
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=5019
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=5021
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=5023
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=5025
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=5027
MMON started with pid=11, OS id=5029
Wed Sep 5 15:52:37 2007
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=5031
Wed Sep 5 15:52:38 2007
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
Wed Sep 5 15:52:42 2007
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Wed Sep 5 15:52:42 2007
ORA-00202: control file: '/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 13: Permission denied
Additional information: 2
Wed Sep 5 15:52:45 2007
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

赶紧查看一下raw的权限
[root@tonykorn bdump]# ls -al /dev/raw/*
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 1 Sep 4 22:08 /dev/raw/raw1
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 11 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw11
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 12 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw12
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 13 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw13
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 14 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw14
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 15 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw15
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 16 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw16
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 17 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw17
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 18 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw18
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 19 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw19
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 2 Sep 4 22:08 /dev/raw/raw2
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 20 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw20
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 21 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw21
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 22 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw22
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 23 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw23
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 24 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw24
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 3 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw3
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 4 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw4

果然不对，修改。
[root@tonykorn bdump]# chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/*
[root@tonykorn bdump]# ls -al /dev/raw/*
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 Sep 4 22:08 /dev/raw/raw1
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 11 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw11
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 12 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw12
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 13 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw13
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 14 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw14
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 15 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw15
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 16 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw16
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 17 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw17
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 18 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw18
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 19 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw19
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 Sep 4 22:08 /dev/raw/raw2
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 20 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw20
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 21 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw21
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 22 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw22
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 23 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw23
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 24 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw24
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw3
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 Sep 4 22:09 /dev/raw/raw4
[root@tonykorn bdump]#

关闭后重启
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 612368384 bytes
Fixed Size 1220868 bytes
Variable Size 209719036 bytes
Database Buffers 398458880 bytes
Redo Buffers 2969600 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>

这个是一个虚拟机安装的测试用的，当时估计没有修改raw文件的权限。
修改/etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions文件
把raw/*:root:disk:0660改为：raw/*:oracle:dba:0600

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