一,物理备用数据库
是主数据库完全副本,直接应用REDO保持与主数据库的同步
物理备用数据库的建立
1, 使用用户管理的方式建立备用数据库
A:在本机上使用这样的方式建立备用数据库
1,先直接利用Tar包部署ORACLE服务端。---详见tar包配置10G服务端文档
[oracle@Ora10g-P u01]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Sep 12 20:43:55 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1261372 bytes
Variable Size 155189444 bytes
Database Buffers 125829120 bytes
Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 25
Current log sequence 27
SQL> alter database archivelog; ---设置DB为归档模式
Database altered.
SQL> alter database force logging; ----强制使用Logging的方式
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/users01.dbf
SQL> alter database begin backup;
Database altered.
SQL> ! cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/*.dbf /u01/db_backup/
-------对数据库进行个全备份
SQL> alter database end backup;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/db_backup/standby01.ctl';
------建立STANDBY 控制文件
Database altered.
-----建立STANDBYDB相应的目录
-----通过orapwd建立口令文件
[oracle@Ora10g-P dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/southdb/dbs
[oracle@Ora10g-P dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwstandby1 password=biohazard entries=5
[oracle@Ora10g-P dbs]$ ls
hc_southdb.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkSOUTHDB orapwsouthdb pwdstandby01.ora spfilesouthdb.ora
------通过spfile来建立pfile
SQL> create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/pfile/init_southdb.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@Ora10g-P pfile]$ ls
init.ora.852007164948 init_southdb.ora
-----修改参数文件添加如下内容
db_unique_name=southdb
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SOUTHDB/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_u
nique_name=southdb'
log_archive_dest_2='service=standby1 valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby1'
log_archive_config='dg_config=(southdb,standby1)'
fal_server=standby1
fal_client=southdb
standby_file_management=auto
log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
-----主database参数如下:
southdb.__db_cache_size=121634816
southdb.__java_pool_size=29360128
southdb.__large_pool_size=4194304
southdb.__shared_pool_size=125829120
southdb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/control01.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/control02.ctl',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='southdb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='southdb'--------------用户指定主数据库的惟一名称
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=southdbXDB)'
*.fal_client='southdb'--------------用于指定fal(fetch archive log)客户段的网络服务名
*.fal_server='standby1'-----------用于指定FAL服务器的网络服务名
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(southdb,standby1)'--------------dg_config属性用于列出主数据库和所有备用数据库的唯一数据库名
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/SOUTHDB/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=southdb'----------指定归档位置,location为本地归档位置,service用于指定备用数据库的网络服务名;
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=standby1 valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby1'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.standby_file_management='auto'-------------------指定备用数据文件管理方式,auto时候,如果主数据库增加或删除数据文件,备用数据库会自动应用相应改变.
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/udump'
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/southdb/pfile/init_southdb.ora';
----配置standbydb的参数文件如下:
standby1.__db_cache_size=113246208
standby1.__java_pool_size=33554432
standby1.__large_pool_size=4194304
standby1.__shared_pool_size=130023424
standby1.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/standby1/standby01.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/standby1'
*.db_name='southdb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='standby1'----------其不能与主数据库相同
*.fal_client='standby1'
*.fal_server='southdb'
*.instance_name='standby1'-------------实例名
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(southdb,standby1)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/STANDBY1/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby1'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/southdb','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/standby1'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.service_names='standby1'-------------指定备用数据库的数据库服务名
*.sga_target=285212672
*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/STANDBY1/archivelog'--------------用于指定主数据库归档日志被传送到
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/udump'
-----配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件
Export ORACLE_SID=standby1
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/pfile/init_standby1.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1261372 bytes
Variable Size 159383748 bytes
Database Buffers 121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby1/pfile/init_standby1.ora';
File created.
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
----做一个数据库的恢复动作
SQL> recover standby database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 791231 generated at 09/12/2007 20:46:50 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/standby01/archivelog/1_27_632508527.arc
ORA-00280: change 791231 for thread 1 is in sequence #27
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 791319 generated at 09/12/2007 20:49:39 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/standby01/archivelog/1_28_632508527.arc
ORA-00280: change 791319 for thread 1 is in sequence #28
ORA-00278: log file
'/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/standby01/archivelog/1_27_632508527.arc'
no longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/standby01/archivelog/1_28_632508527.arc'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information:
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
---------在主DATABASE中执行:
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
--------在standby1的alert文件中出现;
Wed Sep 12 22:42:24 2007
RFS[1]: No standby redo logfiles created
RFS[1]: Archived Log:
'/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/STANDBY1/archivelog/1_31_632508527.arc'
Wed Sep 12 22:42:28 2007
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/STANDBY1/archivelog/1_31_632508527.arc
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 32
B:在异机上使用这样的方式建立备用数据库
见:
http://www.eygle.com/ha/dataguard-step-by-step.htm
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