linux内核之ext2文件系统2

下面看看完整的fs的内容 $ od -tx1 -Ax fs 000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  boot块 * 000400 80 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 33 00 00 00 da 03 00 00  //超级块 000410 75 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000420 00 20 00 00 00 20 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000430 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 1a 00 53 ef 01 00 01 00 00 00 000440 43 de 1a 4e 00 4e ed 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 000450 00 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 000460 02 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 8a 04 b3 bd d2 f9 40 60 000470 9b c6 db ea 65 dc cb 2f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000480 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 0004c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 0004d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0004e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7b 54 20 9b 0004f0 b0 b9 41 8a bb 0c 38 30 b9 54 94 ce 02 00 00 00 000500 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 00 00 000510 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 000800 06 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 da 03 75 00  //GDT 2-5 block 000810 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000820 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 001800 ff ff ff ff 1f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00           块位图  block 6 001810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 001870 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 001880 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff * 001c00 ff 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  inode位图 7 001c10 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff * 002000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 43 de 1a 4e 43 de 1a 4e 002010 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 002020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 002080 ed 41 00 00 00 04 00 00 43 de 1a 4e 43 de 1a 4e  根目录的inode表 002090 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 0020a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00      18 00 00 00               00 00 00 00                                                       |--block【0】=24-|        |--block【1】=0-| 0020b0 00 00 00 00         00 00 00 00       00 00 00 00   00 00 00 00            |--block【2】=0-|     |--block【3】=0-| *   上图中的st_mode以八进制表示，包含了文件类型和文件权限，最高位的4表示文件类型为目录（各种文件类型的编码详见stat(2)），低位的755表示权限。Size是1024，说明根目录现在只有一个数据块。Links为3表示根目录有三个硬链接，分别是根目录下的.和..，以及lost+found子目录下的..。注意，虽然我们通常用/表示根目录，但是并没有名为/的硬链接，事实上，/是路径分隔符，不能在文件名中出现。这里的Blockcount是以512字节为一个块来数的，并非格式化文件系统时所指定的块大小，磁盘的最小读写单位称为扇区（Sector） ，通常是512字节，所以Blockcount是磁盘的物理块数量，而非分区的逻辑块数量。根目录数据块的位置由上图中的Blocks[0]指出，也就是第24个块，它在文件系统中的位置是24×0x400=0x6000，从od命令的输出中找到006000地址 002300 80 81 00 00 00 30 04 04 43 de 1a 4e 43 de 1a 4e 002310 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 08 00 00 00 002320 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 002350 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 25 00 00 00 002360 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 002500 c0 41 00 00 00 30 00 00 43 de 1a 4e 43 de 1a 4e 002510 43 de 1a 4e 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 18 00 00 00 002520 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 19 00 00 00 1a 00 00 00 002530 1b 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00 1d 00 00 00 1e 00 00 00 002540 1f 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 21 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 002550 23 00 00 00 24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 002560 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 006000 02 00 00 00 0c 00 01 02 2e 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 根目录的数据块 006000地址即为block24  （24K） 006010 0c 00 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 0b 00 00 00 e8 03 0a 02 006020 6c 6f 73 74 2b 66 6f 75 6e 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 006030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 目录的数据块由许多不定长的记录组成，每条记录描述该目录下的一个文件，在上图中用框表示。第一条记录描述inode号为2的文件，也就是根目录本身，该记录的总长度为12字节，其中文件名的长度为1字节，文件类型为2（见下表，注意此处的文件类型编码和st_mode不一致），文件名是.。 目录中的文件类型编码 编码 文件类型 0 Unknown 1 Regular file 2 Directory 3 Character device 4 Block device 5 Named pipe 6 Socket 7 Symbolic link   第二条记录也是描述inode号为2的文件（根目录），该记录总长度为12字节，其中文件名的长度为2字节，文件类型为2，文件名字符串是..。第三条记录一直延续到该数据块的末尾，描述inode号为11的文件（lost+found目录），该记录的总长度为1000字节（和前面两条记录加起来是1024字节），文件类型为2，文件名字符串是lost+found，后面全是0字节。如果要在根目录下创建新的文件，可以把第三条记录截短，在原来的0字节处创建新的记录。如果该目录下的文件名太多，一个数据块不够用，则会分配新的数据块，块编号会填充到inode的Blocks[1]字段。 debugfs也提供了cd、ls等命令，不需要mount就可以查看这个文件系统中的目录，例如用ls查看根目录： 006400 0b 00 00 00 0c 00 01 02 2e 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 006410 f4 03 02 02 2e 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 006420 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 006800 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 006810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 006c00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 006c10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 007000 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 007010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 007400 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 007410 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 007800 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 007810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 007c00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 007c10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 008000 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 008010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 008400 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 008410 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 008800 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 008810 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 008c00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 008c10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 009000 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 009010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 009400 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 009410 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 * 100000