oracle里常用命令

oracle里常用命令
第一章：日志管理

1.forcing log switches
sql> alter system switch logfile;
2.forcing checkpoints
sql> alter system checkpoint;
3.adding online redo log groups
sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]
sql> (/disk3/log4a.rdo,/disk4/log4b.rdo) size 1m;
4.adding online redo log members
sql> alter database add logfile member
sql> /disk3/log1b.rdo to group 1,
sql> /disk4/log2b.rdo to group 2;
5.changes the name of the online redo logfile
sql> alter database rename file c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log
sql> to c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log;
6.drop online redo log groups
sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;
7.drop online redo log members
sql> alter database drop logfile member c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log;
8.clearing online redo log files
sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile c:/oracle/log2a.rdo;
9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles
a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir =
b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(oradb.ora,c:oracleoradblog);
c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log,
sql> dbms_logmnr.new);
d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log,
sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);
e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora);
f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters
sql> v$logmnr_logs);
g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;

第二章：表空间管理
1.create tablespaces
sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf size 100m,
sql> c:oracleoradatafile2.dbf size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging]
sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)
sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause]
2.locally managed tablespace
sql> create tablespace user_data datafile c:oracleoradatauser_data01.dbf
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform. size 10m;
3.temporary tablespace
sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbf
sql> size 500m extent management local uniform. size 10m;
4.change the storage setting
sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;
sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);
5.taking tablespace offline or online
sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;
sql> alter tablespace app_data online;
6.read_only tablespace
sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;
7.droping tablespace
sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;
8.enableing automatic extension of data files
sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbf size 200m
sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;
9.change the size fo data files manually
sql> alter database datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf resize 200m;
10.Moving data files: alter tablespace
sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf
sql> to c:oracleapp_data.dbf;
11.moving data files:alter database
sql> alter database rename file c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf
sql> to c:oracleapp_data.dbf;

第三章：表

1.create a table
sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....)
sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer]
sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]
sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)
sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache]
2.copy an existing table
sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery
3.create temporary table
sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;
on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows
4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size
pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)
5.change storage and block utilization parameter
sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k
sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);
6.manually allocating extents
sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile c:/oracle/data.dbf);
7.move tablespace
sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;
8.deallocate of unused space
sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer]
9.truncate a table
sql> truncate table table_name;
10.drop a table
sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];
11.drop a column
sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;
alter table table_name drop columns continue;
12.mark a column as unused
sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;
alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;
alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000
data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs

第四章：索引

1.creating function-based indexes
sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);
2.create a B-tree index
sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace
sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer]
sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0
sql> maxextents 50);
3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows
4.creating reverse key indexes
sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k
sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
5.create bitmap index
sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k
sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;
6.change storage parameter of index
sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);

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