(9) 使用Spring的注解方式实现AOP入门 以及 细节

1：AOP的概念

Aspect(切面):指横切性关注点的抽象即为切面,它与类相似,只是两者的关注点不一样,类是对物体特征的抽象,而切面横切性关注点的抽象.

joinpoint(连接点):所谓连接点是指那些被拦截到的点。在spring中,这些点指的是方法,因为spring只支持方法类型的连接点,实际上joinpoint还可以是field或类构造器)

Pointcut(切入点):所谓切入点是指我们要对那些joinpoint进行拦截的定义.

Advice(通知):所谓通知是指拦截到joinpoint之后所要做的事情就是通知.通知分为前置通知,后置通知,异常通知,最终通知,环绕通知

Target(目标对象):代理的目标对象

Weave(织入):指将aspects应用到target对象并导致proxy对象创建的过程称为织入.

Introduction(引入):在不修改类代码的前提下, Introduction可以在运行期为类动态地添加一些方法或Field.

2：使用Spring进行面向切面（AOP）编程

要进行AOP编程，首先我们要在spring的配置文件中引入aop命名空间：
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop

            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
< /beans>

Spring提供了两种切面声明方式，实际工作中我们可以选用其中一种：
基于XML配置方式声明切面。
基于注解方式声明切面。

3，基于注解方式声明切面：

首先启动对@AspectJ注解的支持(蓝色部分)：
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
     <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    <bean id="orderservice" class="cn.itcast.service.OrderServiceBean"/>
    <bean id="log" class="cn.itcast.service.LogPrint"/>
< /beans>

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package cn.itcast.service; 
2.  
3. import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; 
4. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; 
5. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; 
6. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; 
7. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; 
8. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; 
9. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; 
10. import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; 
11. /**
12. * 切面
13. *
14. */ 
15. @Aspect 
16. public class MyInterceptor { 
17.     @Pointcut("execution (* cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean.*(..))") 
18.     private void anyMethod() {}//声明一个切入点 
19.      
20.     @Before("anyMethod() && args(name)") 
21.     public void doAccessCheck(String name) { 
22.         System.out.println("前置通知:"+ name); 
23.     } 
24.     @AfterReturning(pointcut="anyMethod()",returning="result") 
25.     public void doAfterReturning(String result) { 
26.         System.out.println("后置通知:"+ result); 
27.     } 
28.     @After("anyMethod()") 
29.     public void doAfter() { 
30.         System.out.println("最终通知"); 
31.     } 
32.     @AfterThrowing(pointcut="anyMethod()",throwing="e") 
33.     public void doAfterThrowing(Exception e) { 
34.         System.out.println("例外通知:"+ e); 
35.     } 
36.      
37.     @Around("anyMethod()") 
38.     public Object doBasicProfiling(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { 
39.         //if(){//判断用户是否在权限 
40.         System.out.println("进入方法"); 
41.         Object result = pjp.proceed(); 
42.         System.out.println("退出方法"); 
43.         //} 
44.         return result; 
45.     } 
46.      
47. } 

package cn.itcast.service; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; /** * 切面 * */ @Aspect public class MyInterceptor { @Pointcut("execution (* cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean.*(..))") private void anyMethod() {}//声明一个切入点 @Before("anyMethod() && args(name)") public void doAccessCheck(String name) { System.out.println("前置通知:"+ name); } @AfterReturning(pointcut="anyMethod()",returning="result") public void doAfterReturning(String result) { System.out.println("后置通知:"+ result); } @After("anyMethod()") public void doAfter() { System.out.println("最终通知"); } @AfterThrowing(pointcut="anyMethod()",throwing="e") public void doAfterThrowing(Exception e) { System.out.println("例外通知:"+ e); } @Around("anyMethod()") public Object doBasicProfiling(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { //if(){//判断用户是否在权限 System.out.println("进入方法"); Object result = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("退出方法"); //} return result; } }

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package cn.itcast.service.impl; 
2.  
3. import cn.itcast.service.PersonService; 
4.  
5. public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService { 
6.  
7.     public String getPersonName(Integer id) { 
8.         System.out.println("我是getPersonName()方法"); 
9.         return "xxx"; 
10.     } 
11.  
12.     public void save(String name) { 
13. //      throw new RuntimeException("我例外&&&"); 
14.         System.out.println("我是save()方法"); 
15.     } 
16.  
17.     public void update(String name, Integer id) { 
18.         System.out.println("我是update()方法"); 
19.     } 
20.  
21. } 

package cn.itcast.service.impl; import cn.itcast.service.PersonService; public class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService { public String getPersonName(Integer id) { System.out.println("我是getPersonName()方法"); return "xxx"; } public void save(String name) { // throw new RuntimeException("我例外&&&"); System.out.println("我是save()方法"); } public void update(String name, Integer id) { System.out.println("我是update()方法"); } }

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1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
3.        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
4.        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
5.        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"       
6.        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
7.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
8.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
9.            http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
10.             
11.             
12.         <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>  
13.         <bean id="myInterceptor" class="cn.itcast.service.MyInterceptor"/> 
14.         <bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean> 
15. </beans> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <bean id="myInterceptor" class="cn.itcast.service.MyInterceptor"/> <bean id="personService" class="cn.itcast.service.impl.PersonServiceBean"></bean> </beans>

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. package junit.test; 
2.  
3.  
4. import org.junit.BeforeClass; 
5. import org.junit.Test; 
6. import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 
7. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 
8.  
9. import cn.itcast.service.PersonService; 
10.  
11. public class SpringAOPTest { 
12.  
13.     @BeforeClass 
14.     public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception { 
15.     } 
16.  
17.     @Test public void interceptorTest(){ 
18.         ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); 
19.         PersonService personService = (PersonService)cxt.getBean("personService"); 
20.         personService.save("xx"); 
21.     } 
22. } 

package junit.test; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import cn.itcast.service.PersonService; public class SpringAOPTest { @BeforeClass public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception { } @Test public void interceptorTest(){ ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); PersonService personService = (PersonService)cxt.getBean("personService"); personService.save("xx"); } }

分析：

@Pointcut("execution(* cn.itcast.service..*.*(..))")

.. 代表 ：子包下也要拦截。

execution 执行。

第一个* 代表 返回值的类型。
第二个* 代表 类。所有的类
第三个* 代表 所有的方法。