Oracle软件权限修复

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-20 19:12:24 发布

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Oracle软件权限修复

1.1 权限修复

1.1.1 如果$GRID_HOME下的权限被人为修改过，那么如何来修复该权限问题？

参考连接：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2121470/

使用chown -R误操作将整个$GRID_BASE或$GRID_HOME的权限修改了，或者删除了$GRID_HOME/log文件夹下的所有内容，导致集群不能启动。在这种情况下可以根据MOS文档：Tips for checking file permissions on GRID environment(ID 1931142.1)来修复该问题。

该文档中描述到，在$GRID_HOME/crs/utl（Oracle 11.2及12.1.0.1）或<GRID_HOME>/crs/utl/<hostname>（Oracle 12.1.0.2）下面的crsconfig_dirs和crsconfig_fileperms文件中记录了整个$GRID_HOME下面的文件和目录的相关权限。

Check the permissions from the following 2 files which are created during Grid Infrastructure installation.

In $GRID_HOME/crs/utl (for 11.2 and 12.1.0.1) and <GRID_HOME>/crs/utl/<hostname> (for 12.1.0.2) directory:

 crsconfig_dirs ：which has all directories listed in and their permissions 
 crsconfig_fileperms ：which has list of files and their permissions and locations in . 

 [root@raclhr-11gR2-N1 utl]# ll $ORACLE_HOME/crs/utl/crsconfig_* 
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8554 May 17 13:31 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/utl/crsconfig_dirs 
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12619 May 17 13:31 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/utl/crsconfig_fileperms 
 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11218 May 17 13:31 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/utl/crsconfig_files 

误操作：

 chown -R oracle.oinstall $ORACLE_HOME 
 ps -ef |grep d.bin|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9 

可以通过命令“cluvfy comp software -n all -verbose”来校验集群的权限是否正确。

所以要解决这个问题其实并不难，大致可以通过如下几种方法来解决：

1、根据MOS文档1931142.1提供的建议通过$GRID_HOME/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -init或roothas.pl -init进行解决。该方法可以用来解决删除了$GRID_HOME/log文件夹下的所有内容，导致集群不能启动的情况，但是对于chown -R误操作将整个$GRID_HOME的权限修改了的情况不一定能恢复。

For 11.2:

For clustered Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
 # ./rootcrs.pl -init 

For Standalone Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
 # ./roothas.pl  -init 

For 12c:

For clustered Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
 # ./rootcrs.sh -init 

For Standalone Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
 # ./roothas.sh -init 

rootcrs.pl –init是在PSU>11.2.0.3.6下执行的，如果PSU<11.2.0.3.6可以执行如下两条命令来实现同样的效果。

 <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock 
 <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch 

2、采用MOS文档1515018.1上提供的脚本permission.pl在权限正常节点上生成修复脚本，然后将生成的修复脚本在异常节点上执行来修复权限问题。可以用来修复chown -R误操作将整个$GRID_HOME的权限修改了的情况。

注意，该脚本会产生2个文件：

a. permission-<time stamp> - This contains file permission in octal value, owner and group information of the files captured

b. restore-perm-<time stamp>.cmd - This contains command to change the permission, owner, and group of the captured files

修复时只需要执行restore-perm-<time stamp>.cmd文件即可。在执行脚本之前，需要将脚本中的节点名称替换成异常节点名。vi下的替换命令为：

 :%s/raclhr-11gr2-n2/raclhr-11gr2-n1/g     替换每一行中所有 raclhr-11gr2-n2 为 raclhr-11gr2-n1 

3、Oracle 11gR2可以deconfig crs的配置，然后重新运行root.sh即可。如果OCR和数据库不再同一个磁盘组里，那么重新运行root.sh脚本并不影响数据库，所以无需担心。可以用来修复OCR、OLR或表决磁盘损坏的情况，或ASM节点号和主机节点号不一致的情况。

 $GRID_HOME/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig -force -verbose 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rhdiskN bs=1024k count=1024  --清理磁盘头 
 $GRID_HOME/root.sh 

在root.sh脚本执行完毕后，需要再次将数据库、监听和SERVICE等其它资源添加进集群中：

 srvctl add db -d lhrrac1 -r PRIMARY -o $ORACLE_HOME 
 srvctl add instance -d lhrrac1 -i lhrrac11 -n raclhr-11gR2-N1 
 srvctl add instance -d lhrrac1 -i lhrrac12 -n raclhr-11gR2-N2 
 srvctl add listener -l LISTENER -o $ORACLE_HOME 

1.1.2 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件的权限修复

在安装有GI的环境下，权限、属主是严格被设定的，任何对于它们的错误修改容易引发一系列的问题，而且这些问题往往都很诡异很难按照常规的思路去诊断。一旦出现权限的问题，个人建议第1和第3种方式来修改。

如果可执行文件$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle的属主或权限设定出了问题，那么可能会造成很多问题。例如：无法登陆到数据库、ora-600错误、“TNS-12518: TNS:listener could not hand off client connection”、“Linux Error: 32: Broken pipe”、“ORA-12537: TNS:connection closed”、访问ASM磁盘出错等。解决办法很简单，可以在grid用户下运行setasmgidwrap命令重新配置$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle可执行文件的权限和属主或者直接将oracle文件的权限修改为6751。$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle可执行文件正确属主应该是oracle:asmadmin，并且权限必须有s才可以，如下所示：

 [root@orclalhr ~]$ which setasmgidwrap 
 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/setasmgidwrap 
 [root@orclalhr ~]$ setasmgidwrap -o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 [root@orclalhr ~]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 -rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 232399083 Apr 21  2015 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 [root@orclalhr ~]# ll /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle 
 -rwsr-s--x. 1 grid oinstall 203972117 Jan  5  2015 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle 
 [root@orclalhr ~]# chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 [root@orclalhr ~]# ll /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 -rwsr-s--x 1 oracle asmadmin 232399083 Apr 21  2015 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle 
 [root@orclalhr bin]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/ 
 [root@orclalhr bin]# which stat 
 /usr/bin/stat 
 [root@orclalhr bin]# stat oracle 
   File: `oracle' 
   Size: 210823844       Blocks: 411776     IO Block: 4096   regular file 
 Device: 802h/2050d      Inode: 1717737     Links: 1 
 Access: (6751/-rwsr-s--x)  Uid: (  501/  oracle)   Gid: (  504/asmadmin) 
 Access: 2017-03-16 12:33:44.809363974 +0800 
 Modify: 2014-05-18 17:09:50.508549983 +0800 
 Change: 2017-03-16 11:05:15.733816820 +0800 

 & 说明： 
 有关修复权限的更多内容可以参考我的BLOG：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2121470/ 

How to check and fix file permissions on Grid Infrastructure environment (文档 ID 1931142.1)

In this Document

Goal

Solution

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 11.2.0.3 and later
Oracle Database - Standard Edition - Version 12.1.0.1 to 12.1.0.1 [Release 12.1]
Information in this document applies to any platform.

GOAL

To provide ways how to check, find and correct permissions for Grid Infrastructure (GI) $ORACLE_HOME or <GRID_HOME> .

SOLUTION

1. Validate the <GRID_HOME> by using cluvfy tool.

 
   $ cluvfy comp software -n all -verbose 
  

This though only validates the binary files and theirs permissions. This is mentioned in unpublished bug 18407533 (closed as not a bug).

2. Check the permissions from the following 2 files which are created during Grid Infrastructure installation.

In $GRID_HOME/crs/utl (for 11.2 and 12.1.0.1) and <GRID_HOME>/crs/utl/<hostname> (for 12.1.0.2) directory:

- crsconfig_dirs which has all directories listed in <GRID_HOME> and their permissions

- crsconfig_fileperms which has list of files and their permissions and locations in <GRID_HOME>.

3. The permissions can be reverted back to original values with rootcrs.pl or roothas.pl. For versions 11.2.0.3.6 and higher, there is an option -init:

Reset the permissions of all files and directories under Oracle <GRID_HOME>. Please ensure CRS is not running while performing the followings:

For 11.2:
For clustered Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 
   # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
   
   # ./rootcrs.pl -init

For Standalone Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 
   # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
   
   # ./roothas.pl  -init

For 12c:
For clustered Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 
   # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
   
   # ./rootcrs.sh -init

For Standalone Grid Infrastructure, as root user

 
   # cd <GRID_HOME>/crs/install/ 
   
   # ./roothas.sh -init

4. If that does not work then permissions can be altered manually with information found from crsconfig_fileperms and crsconfig_dirs files.

Please note that changing the permissions manually is the last resort and shouldn't be used unless recommended by Oracle support or development.

Script to capture and restore file permission in a directory (for eg. ORACLE_HOME) (文档 ID 1515018.1)

In this Document

Purpose

Caution

Script

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition
Generic UNIX
Generic Linux

MAIN CONTENT

PURPOSE

This script is intended to capture and restore the file permission of a given directory example - ORACLE_HOME. The script will create a output file called permission_<timestamp> and permission_<timestamp>.cmd

REQUIREMENTS

The script needs to be run on command prompt of Unix platform .
Perl is required to execute this script
Shell is required to run the shell script .

CONFIGURING

Download and save the script on your server as permission.pl
Provide the execute permission on the script

INSTRUCTIONS

Run the script from the location where you have downloaded and saved it

 
   ./permission.pl <Path name to capture permission> 
  

CAUTION

This sample code is provided for educational purposes only and not supported by Oracle Support Services. It has been tested internally, however, and works as documented. We do not guarantee that it will work for you, so be sure to test it in your environment before relying on it. Proofread this sample code before using it! Due to the differences in the way text editors, e-mail packages and operating systems handle text formatting (spaces, tabs and carriage returns), this sample code may not be in an executable state when you first receive it. Check over the sample code to ensure that errors of this type are corrected. 
 Note : This script can restore permission back to the point at which it was captured. It is not intended to reset the permission.

SCRIPT

Execute the script from the dollar ($) prompt

Steps to capture permission of a directory

1. Download the script from here
2. Log in as "oracle" user
3. copy the file to a location say /home/oracle/scripts
4. Give execute permission

 
       $ chmod 755 permission.pl 
  

5. Execute the script to capture permission

 
     $ cd /home/oracle/scripts 
   
     $ ./permission.pl <Path name to capture permission>

Script generates two files

a. permission-<time stamp> - This contains file permission in octal value, owner and group information of the files captured
b. restore-perm-<time stamp>.cmd - This contains command to change the permission, owner, and group of the captured files

Steps to restore captured permission of the directory

1. Give execute permission to file generated during capture

 
       chmod 755 restore-perm-<timestamp>.cmd 
  

2. execute .cmd file to restore the permission and the ownership

 
       $ ./restore-perm-<timestamp>.cmd 
  

Sample output of the script

permission-<time stamp>

 
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/root.sh 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/install.platform 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraInst.loc 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/afiedt.buf 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/a.out 
   
root root /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/tsh.sh 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/Readme.txt 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraorcl1122 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/SQLtraining_day1.lst 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/hsots 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/nid 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/oracle 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/orapwd 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/wrap 
   
oracle oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/grdcscan

restore-perm-<time stamp>.cmd

 
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g 
   
   chmod  755 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/root.sh 
   
   chmod  750 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/root.sh 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/install.platform 
   
   chmod  644 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/install.platform 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraInst.loc 
   
   chmod  640 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraInst.loc 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/afiedt.buf 
   
   chmod  644 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/afiedt.buf 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/a.out 
   
   chmod  644 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/a.out 
   
   chown  root:root /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/tsh.sh 
   
   chmod  6755 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/tsh.sh 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/Readme.txt 
   
   chmod  644 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/Readme.txt 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraorcl1122 
   
   chmod  640 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/oraorcl1122 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/SQLtraining_day1.lst 
   
   chmod  644 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/SQLtraining_day1.lst 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/nid 
   
   chmod  751 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/nid 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/oracle 
   
   chmod  6751 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/oracle 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/orapwd 
   
   chmod  751 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/orapwd 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/wrap 
   
   chmod  751 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/wrap 
   
   chown  oracle:oinstall /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/grdcscan 
   
   chmod  750 /u03/app/oracle/OraHome_11202g/bin/grdcscan

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