数据库名、表名、表别名大小写
- window下均不区分大小写(Why?)
- Linux默认情况下区分大小写
mysql> show variables like 'lower%'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | lower_case_file_system | OFF | | lower_case_table_names | 0 | +------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) --修改发现变量为只读变量 mysql> set global lower_case_table_names=1; ERROR 1238 (HY000): Variable 'lower_case_table_names' is a read only variable 修改my.cnf后重启数据库 lower_case_table_names=1 mysql> show variables like 'lower%'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | lower_case_file_system | OFF | | lower_case_table_names | 1 | +------------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> create database Test; ERROR 1007 (HY000): Can't create database 'test'; database exists mysql> create table T as select * from t; ERROR 1050 (42S01): Table 'T' already exists
变量含义解释
lower_case_file_system:数据库所在的文件系统对文件名大小写敏感度。ON表示大小写不敏感 OFF表示敏感
lower_case_table_names:表名大小写敏感度
- 0表示使用Create语句指定的大小写保存文件
- 1表示大小写敏感 文件系统以小写保存
- 2表示使用Create语句指定的大小写保存文件,但MySQL会将之转化为小写(?)
(当Linux设置为2时,错误日志显示[Warning] lower_case_table_names was set to 2, even though your the file system '/home/mysql/master_a/data/' is case sensitive. Now setting lower_case_table_names to 0 to avoid future problems.)
列名大小写
列名列别名均不区分大小写
字段值大小写
1、表与行的collation,bin与cs区分大小写,ci不区分大小写
MySQL对collation约定的命名方式如下:
- *_ci:case insensitive collation,不区分大小写
- *_cs: case sensitive collation,区分大小写
- *_bin: 表示的是binary case sensitive collation,区分大小写的
# 指定collate为区分大小写 mysql> create table b( id varchar(10)) default charset=utf8 default collate=utf8_bin; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)sec) mysql> insert into b values ('A'),('a'),('B'); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from b where id like 'a'; +------+ | id | +------+ | a | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select id,count(*) from b group by id; +------+----------+ | id | count(*) | +------+----------+ | A | 1 | | B | 1 | | a | 1 | +------+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
# 指定collate为忽略大小写 mysql> create table t (name varchar(10)) default charset=utf8 default collate=utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> insert into t values('a'),('A'),('B'),('b'),('c'); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t where name like 'a'; +------+ | name | +------+ | a | | A | +------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select name,count(*) from t group by name; +------+----------+ | name | count(*) | +------+----------+ | a | 2 | | B | 2 | | c | 1 | +------+----------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
2、字段指定binary
mysql> alter table t change name name varchar(10) binary; Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.08 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t where name like 'A'; +------+ | name | +------+ | A | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select name,count(*) from t group by name; +------+----------+ | name | count(*) | +------+----------+ | A | 1 | | B | 1 | | a | 1 | | b | 1 | | c | 1 | +------+----------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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