union 优化方法

union 优化方法

union优化思路：

union=>remove duplicate=>sort=>index（don't remove sort）=>index fast full scan(read many index blocks once)

union总结：

返回值仅是索引列值的情况下，给 返回值列加索引是可以 优化union!

union and union all 简介

union:合并结果集并去除重复（remove duplicate）记录

union all:合并结果集并不去除重复记录

实验如下：

SQL> create table t_union as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> alter table t_union modify object_id not null;

Table altered.

SQL> create table t_union_1 as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> alter table t_union_1 modify object_id not null;

Table altered.

SQL> select object_id from t_union

  2  union

  3  select object_id from t_union_1;

81512 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 299238292

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation           | Name      | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |           |   169K|  2153K|       |  1460  (52)| 00:00:18 |

|   1 |  SORT UNIQUE        |           |   169K|  2153K|  3352K|  1460  (52)| 00:00:18 |

|   2 |   UNION-ALL         |           |       |       |       |            |          |

|   3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_UNION   | 82154 |  1042K|       |   325   (1)| 00:00:04 |

|   4 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_UNION_1 | 87476 |  1110K|       |   325   (1)| 00:00:04 |

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

          0  recursive calls

          0  db block gets

       2332  consistent gets

          0  physical reads

          0  redo size

    1185377  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

      60189  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

       5436  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

          1  sorts (memory)

          0  sorts (disk)

      81512  rows processed

=>TempSpc和1  sorts (memory)证明了union是需要排序的;UNION-ALL代表了我们执行合并操作<=

SQL> select object_id from t_union

  2  union all

  3  select object_id from t_union_1;

163023 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3974255051

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation          | Name      | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |           |   169K|  2153K|   650  (51)| 00:00:08 |

|   1 |  UNION-ALL         |           |       |       |            |          |

|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_UNION   | 82154 |  1042K|   325   (1)| 00:00:04 |

|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_UNION_1 | 87476 |  1110K|   325   (1)| 00:00:04 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

          0  recursive calls

          0  db block gets

      13034  consistent gets

          0  physical reads

          0  redo size

    2370239  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

     119963  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

      10870  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

          0  sorts (memory)

          0  sorts (disk)

     163023  rows processed

=>sorts值为0，也证明了union all不需要排序的;UNION-ALL代表了我们执行合并操作<=

给返回值列，添加索引看union and union all是否得到优化

SQL> create index t1 on t_union(object_id);

Index created.

SQL> create index t2 on t_union_1(object_id);

Index created.

SQL> select object_id from t_union

  2   union

  3   select object_id from t_union_1;

81512 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 3228413298

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation              | Name | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |      |   169K|  2153K|       |   919  (52)| 00:00:12 |

|   1 |  SORT UNIQUE           |      |   169K|  2153K|  3352K|   919  (52)| 00:00:12 |

|   2 |   UNION-ALL            |      |       |       |       |            |          |

|   3 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| T1   | 82154 |  1042K|       |    54   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   4 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| T2   | 87476 |  1110K|       |    54   (0)| 00:00:01 |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

          0  recursive calls

          0  db block gets

        378  consistent gets

          0  physical reads

          0  redo size

    1185377  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

      60189  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

       5436  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

          1  sorts (memory)

          0  sorts (disk)

      81512  rows processed

1、索引优化了union ==>INDEX FAST FULL SCAN

2、索引不能消除union的排序 ==>1  sorts (memory) 、TempSpc

SQL> select object_id from t_union

  2   union all

  3   select object_id from t_union_1;

163023 rows selected.

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 937658497

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation             | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |      |   169K|  2153K|   109  (51)| 00:00:02 |

|   1 |  UNION-ALL            |      |       |       |            |          |

|   2 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| T1   | 82154 |  1042K|    54   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   3 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| T2   | 87476 |  1110K|    54   (0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

          0  recursive calls

          0  db block gets

      11221  consistent gets

          0  physical reads

          0  redo size

    2370239  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

     119963  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

      10870  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

          0  sorts (memory)

          0  sorts (disk)

     163023  rows processed

1、索引不能很好的优化union all

参考：《收获，不止ORACLE》

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