交换机和路由器基本配置(二)(转)

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 22:13:12 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 22:13:12 发布

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从Trunk中添加、删除Vlan

v 去除VLAN

Switch (config-if )# switchport trunk allowed vlan remove vlan-list

v 添加VLAN

Switch (config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan add vlan-list

v 检查中继端口允许VLAN的列表

Switch # show interface interface-id switchport

从Trunk中删除Vlan配置实例

SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan remove 2

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#show interface f0/24 switchport

Name: Fa0/24

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: trunk

Operational Mode: trunk

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: none

Operational private-vlan: none

Trunking VLANs Enabled: 1,3-1005

Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001

Capture Mode Disabled

使用show命令检查配置

v 查看端口状态

SW1#show interface interface-id switchport

v 查看VLAN信息

SW1#show vlan brief

v 查看配置

SW1#show run

VTP协议

v VLAN Trunk Protocol

v 从一个控制点，维护整个企业网上VLAN的添加、删除和重命名工作

VTP 配置

v 创建VTP 域

switch(config)# vtp domian domain_name

v 配置交换机的VTP模式

switch(config)# vtp mode server | client | transparent

v 配置VTP口令

switch(config)# vtp password password

v 配置VTP修剪

switch(config)# vtp pruning

v VTP版本的配置

switch(config)# vtp version 2

v 查看VTP的配置

switch# show vtp status

VTP配置实例

v 在SwA上配置VTP

SwA(config)# vtp domain test

Changing VTP domain name from null to test

SwA(config)# vtp mode server

Device mode already VTP SERVER.

SwA(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/23

SwA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

v 在SwB上配置VTP

SwB(config)# vtp domain test

Changing VTP domain name from null to test

SwB(config)# vtp mode client

Device mode already VTP CLIENT mode.

SwB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/22

SwB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

SwB(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/23

SwB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

v 在SwA上添加VLAN

SwA#vlan database

SwA(vlan)#vlan 2 name sales

VLAN 2 added:

Name: sales

SwA(vlan)#vlan 3 name develop

VLAN 3 added:

Name: develop

SwA(vlan)#exit

APPLY completed.

Exiting....

v 在SwA的VLAN中添加端口

SwA(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/2 - 3

SwA(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2

SwA(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/4 - 5

SwA(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3

v 配置SwA的管理IP地址

SwA(config)#interface vlan 1

SwA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

SwA(config-if)#no shutdown

v 在SwA上查看VLAN信息

SwA#show vlan brief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12

Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24

2 sales active Fa0/2, Fa0/3

3 develop active Fa0/4, Fa0/5

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

v 在SwA上查看VTP状态信息

SwA#show vtp status

VTP Version : 2

Configuration Revision : 2

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64

Number of existing VLANs : 7

VTP Operating Mode : Server

VTP Domain Name : test

VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled

VTP V2 Mode : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation : Disabled

MD5 digest : 0x34 0x9D 0xE1 0x18 0x50 0x4C

0xC1 0xD0

Configuration last modified by 192.168.1.1 at 7-27-06 11:27:16

Local updater ID is 192.168.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found)

v 配置SwA的VTP口令

SwA(config)#vtp password cisco

Setting device VLAN database password to cisco

v 修改SwA的VLAN配置，添加VLAN 4

SwA#vlan database

SwA(vlan)#vlan 4 name market

VLAN 4 added:

Name: market

SwA(vlan)#exit

v 配置SwB的VTP密码

SwB(config)#vtp password cisco

Setting device VLAN database password to cisco

v 在SwA上配置VTP修剪

SwA(config)#vtp pruning

Pruning switched on

STP协议介绍

v STP － Spanning Tree Protocol（生成树协议）

v 逻辑上断开环路，防止广播风暴的产生

v 当线路出现故障，断开的接口被激活，恢复通信，起备份线路的作用

STP的算法

v STP将一个环形网络生成无环拓朴的步骤：

§ 选择根网桥（Root Bridge）

§ 选择根端口（Root Ports）

§ 选择指定端口（Designated Ports）

选择根网桥的依据

v 网桥ID（BID）

§ 网桥ID是唯一的，交换机之间选择BID值最小的交换机作为网络中的根网桥

选择根端口的依据

v 在非根网桥上选择一个到根网桥最近的端口作为根端口

v 选择根端口的依据是：

§ 根路径成本最低

§ 直连的网桥ID最小

§ 端口ID最小

选择指定端口的依据

v 在每个网段上，选择1个指定端口

§ 根桥上的端口全是指定端口

§ 非根桥上的指定端口：

• 根路径成本最低

• 端口所在的网桥的ID值较小

• 端口ID值较小

PVST的配置命令

v 启用生成树

Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-list

v 设置根网桥

Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-list root primary | secondary

v 修改网桥的优先级

Switch(config)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-list priority Bridge-priority

v 修改端口成本

Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-list cost cost

v 修改端口优先级

Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree vlan vlan-list port-priority priority

v 配置上行速链路

Switch(config)#spanning-tree uplinkfast

v 配置端口速链路

Switch(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast

v 查看生成树的配置

Switch#show spanning-tree

v 查看某个VLAN的生成树详细信息

Switch#show spanning-tree vlan vlan-id detail

PVST配置实例

v 配置SwA为VLAN 1和2的根网桥

SwA(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary

SwA(config)#spanning-tree vlan 2 root primary

v 配置SwB在VLAN 3和4中优先级为4096

SwB(config)#spanning-tree vlan 3 priority 4096

SwB(config)#spanning-tree vlan 4 priority 4096

v 查看配置结果

SwB# show spanning-tree

VLAN0001

Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee

Root ID Priority 24577

Address 000d.28bf.4b40

Cost 19

Port 24 (FastEthernet0/24)

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)

Address 0013.6007.6a00

Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec

Aging Time 300

Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/22 Altn BLK 19 128.22 P2p

Fa0/23 Altn BLK 19 128.23 P2p

Fa0/24 Root FWD 19 128.24 P2p

v 配置交换机C上连接主机的端口为速端口

SwC(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1 - 20

SwC(config-if-range)#spanning-tree portfast

%Warning: portfast should only be enabled on ports connected to a single

host. Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc... to this

interface when portfast is enabled, can cause temporary bridging loops.

Use with CAUTION

%Portfast will be configured in 20 interfaces due to the range command

but will only have effect when the interfaces are in a non-trunking mode.

v 在交换机C上配置上行速链路

SwC(config)#spanning-tree uplinkfast

EthernetChannel（以太通道）

多条线路负载均衡，带宽提高容错，当一条线路失效时，其他线路通信，不会丢 v 配置接口为以太通道模 Switch(config)# interface range fastEthernet 0/1 – 2

Switch(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on

Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel 1

三层交换

单臂路由实现VLAN之间通信

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.1
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 1
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.2
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 2
Router(config-subif)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif)#end