【RMAN】oracle11g单机数据通过RMAN恢复至RAC

oracle11g单机数据通过RMAN恢复至RAC

一、概述

随着越来越多的企业部署oracle的集群RAC，增强了数据的安全性、提高数据库性能及保障数据库实时在线， 将原有单机数据库数据迁移至集群环境中也成了我们工作中的一部分，迁移的方法也有许多，下面咱就看一下怎样通过RMAN将单机数据恢复至oracle的RAC中。

二、详细步骤

 

将备份文件上传至服务器中，并查看大小

[oracle@rac01 backup]$ ls -lrt total 266496 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 261455872 Feb 24 12:17 full_02p1e2cu_1_1.bak -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   1097728 Feb 24 12:17 full_03p1e2ev_1_1.bak -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10338304 Feb 24 12:20 arch_06p1e2kn_1_1.bak

 

根据之前备份及文件大小，我们可以得知参数文件和控制文件存放的文件。

下面恢复参数文件，恢复之前设置环境变量，并强制启动数据库至nomount阶段

RMAN> startup nomount force   startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initxysoul1.ora'   starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started   Total System Global Area    1068937216 bytes   Fixed Size                     2260088 bytes Variable Size                281019272 bytes Database Buffers             780140544 bytes Redo Buffers                   5517312 bytes RMAN> restore spfile from '/oracle/backup/full_03p1e2ev_1_1.bak';   Starting restore at 2014-02-24 16:27:35 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK   channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /oracle/backup/full_03p1e2ev_1_1.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete Finished restore at 2014-02-24 16:27:36   RMAN>

 

查看生成的参数文件，并创建pfile文件

[oracle@rac01 backup]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@rac01 dbs]$ ls -lrt total 18092 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     2851 May 15  2009 init.ora -rw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin     1544 Feb 24 16:26 hc_xysoul1.dat -rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin     2560 Feb 24 16:27 spfilexysoul1.ora   SQL> create pfile from spfile;   File created.

 

修改参数文件，修改相关文件目录并创建对应目录

修改完成后，生成spfile文件，并启动数据库到nomount阶段

SQL> create spfile from pfile;   File created.   SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01507: database not mounted     ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area  534462464 bytes Fixed Size                  2254952 bytes Variable Size             213911448 bytes Database Buffers          314572800 bytes Redo Buffers                3723264 bytes

 

恢复控制文件并启动数据库到mount阶段

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/oracle/backup/full_03p1e2ev_1_1.bak';   Starting restore at 2014-02-24 16:33:52 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=30 device type=DISK   channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 output file name=+DATA/o1_mf_9jhz38tl_.ctl Finished restore at 2014-02-24 16:33:56   RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';   sql statement: alter database mount released channel: ORA_DISK_1

 

下面可以列出备份集内容

RMAN> list backup;     List of Backup Sets ===================     BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 1       24.57M     DISK        00:00:04     2014-02-24 12:16:26         BP Key: 1   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20140224T121622         Piece Name: /oracle/archivelog/XYSOUL/backupset/2014_02_24/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20140224T121622_9jokwpf5_.bkp     List of Archived Logs in backup set 1   Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time   ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------   1    18      763748     2014-02-22 10:22:45 798098     2014-02-22 18:31:34   1    19      798098     2014-02-22 18:31:34 819527     2014-02-24 08:48:16   1    20      819527     2014-02-24 08:48:16 827856     2014-02-24 12:15:15   1    21      827856     2014-02-24 12:15:15 827892     2014-02-24 12:16:21   BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 2       Full    249.34M    DISK        00:00:59     2014-02-24 12:17:29         BP Key: 2   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: YES  Tag: TAG20140224T121629         Piece Name: /oracle/backup/full_02p1e2cu_1_1.bak   List of Datafiles in backup set 2   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----   1       Full 827904     2014-02-24 12:16:30 /oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_system_9jhz3xx6_.dbf   2       Full 827904     2014-02-24 12:16:30 /oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9jhz4vkj_.dbf   3       Full 827904     2014-02-24 12:16:30 /oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9jhz5gsj_.dbf   4       Full 827904     2014-02-24 12:16:30 /oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_users_9jhz6fw2_.dbf   5       Full 827904     2014-02-24 12:16:30 /oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/xysoul01.dbf

 

也可以使用一下命令添加备份集，追加归档等

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/oracle/backup/arch_06p1e2kn_1_1.bak'; --恢复归档并指定目录 RMAN> run{ 2> set archivelog destination to '/oracle/archivelog'; 3> restore archivelog from sequence 23; 4> }

 

恢复数据文件，恢复前创建相关数据文件存放目录

RMAN> run{ 3> set newname for datafile '/oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_system_9jhz3xx6_.dbf' to '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/system01.dbf'; 4> set newname for datafile '/oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_9jhz4vkj_.dbf' to '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/sysaux01.dbf'; 5> set newname for datafile '/oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_9jhz5gsj_.dbf' to '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/undotbs1_01.dbf'; 6> set newname for datafile '/oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/o1_mf_users_9jhz6fw2_.dbf' to '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/user01.dbf'; 7> set newname for datafile '/oracle/oradata/XYSOUL/datafile/xysoul01.dbf' to '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/xysoul01.dbf'; 8> restore database; 9> switch datafile all; 10> }   executing command: SET until clause   executing command: SET NEWNAME   executing command: SET NEWNAME   executing command: SET NEWNAME   executing command: SET NEWNAME   executing command: SET NEWNAME   Starting restore at 2014-02-24 16:53:13 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=27 device type=DISK   channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to +DATA/oradata/xysoul/system01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to +DATA/oradata/xysoul/sysaux01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to +DATA/oradata/xysoul/undotbs1_01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to +DATA/oradata/xysoul/user01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to +DATA/oradata/xysoul/xysoul01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/backup/full_02p1e2cu_1_1.bak channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/backup/full_02p1e2cu_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140224T121629 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:45 Finished restore at 2014-02-24 16:55:59   datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=840387360 file name=+DATA/oradata/xysoul/system01.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=840387360 file name=+DATA/oradata/xysoul/sysaux01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=840387360 file name=+DATA/oradata/xysoul/undotbs1_01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=840387360 file name=+DATA/oradata/xysoul/user01.dbf datafile 5 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=840387360 file name=+DATA/oradata/xysoul/xysoul01.dbf

选择恢复点，还原数据库

RMAN> run{ 2> set until scn 827904; 3> recover database; 4> }   executing command: SET until clause   Starting recover at 2014-02-24 16:59:27 using channel ORA_DISK_1   starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00   Finished recover at 2014-02-24 16:59:28

 

启动数据库，查看日志组

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;   Database altered.   SQL> select member from v$logfile;   MEMBER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_1.290.840387629 +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_2.304.840387667 +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_3.306.840387705 +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_1.289.840387645 +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_2.305.840387687 +DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_3.307.840387723   6 rows selected.

 

添加日志组，4、5、6

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 4 '+DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_4_01.log' size 200M;   Database altered. SQL> alter database add logfile  member '+DATA/xysoul/onlinelog/group_4_02.log' to group 4;     Database altered.

 

激活thread 2，并修改实例对应thread

SQL>  select THREAD#, STATUS, ENABLED from v$thread;      THREAD# STATUS ENABLED ---------- ------ --------          1 OPEN   PUBLIC          2 CLOSED DISABLED   SQL> alter database enable thread 2;   Database altered.   SQL> alter system set thread=1 scope=spfile  sid='xysoul1';   System altered.   SQL> alter system set thread=2 scope=spfile  sid='xysoul2';   System altered.

 

设置集群相关参数

SQL> alter system set instance_number=1 scope=spfile  sid='xysoul1'; alter system set instance_number=2 scope=spfile  sid='xysoul2'; System altered.   SQL>   System altered.   SQL> SQL>  alter system set cluster_database_instances=2 scope=spfile; System altered.   SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=spfile;   System altered.

 

添加undo表空间

SQL>  create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '+DATA/oradata/xysoul/undotbs2.dbf' size 755M;   Tablespace created. SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'scope=spfile  sid='xysoul2';   System altered.

 

创建spfile文件，并修改pfile文件（两节点都需修改）

SQL> create spfile='+DATA/xysoul/spfilexysoul.ora' from pfile;   File created. [oracle@rac01 dbs]$ cat initxysoul1.ora spfile='+DATA/xysoul/spfilexysoul.ora'

 

两个节点尝试启动数据库

SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area  534462464 bytes Fixed Size                  2254952 bytes Variable Size             276826008 bytes Database Buffers          251658240 bytes Redo Buffers                3723264 bytes SQL> alter database mount;   Database altered.   SQL> alter database open;   Database altered.

 

下面将数据库添加到集群资源中（此处需注意，添加数据库资源时，需用oracle用户）

[oracle@rac02 dbs]$ srvctl add database -d xysoul -o /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 -p +DATA/xysoul/spfilexysoul.ora [oracle@rac02 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d xysoul -i xysoul1 -n rac01 [oracle@rac02 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d xysoul -i xysoul2 -n rac02

 

启动数据库，并查看（之前已经将两个节点实例关闭）

[grid@rac02 ~]$ srvctl start database -d xysoul [grid@rac02 ~]$ crs_stat -t                    Name           Type           Target    State     Host        ------------------------------------------------------------ ora.CRS.dg     ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.DATA.dg    ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.cvu        ora.cvu.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.gsd        ora.gsd.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE               ora....network ora....rk.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.oc4j       ora.oc4j.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.ons        ora.ons.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora....01.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.rac01.gsd  application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               ora.rac01.ons  application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.rac01.vip  ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora....02.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.rac02.gsd  application    OFFLINE   OFFLINE               ora.rac02.ons  application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.rac02.vip  ora....t1.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.racdb.db   ora....se.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE               ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01       ora.scan1.vip  ora....ip.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac02       ora.xysoul.db  ora....se.type ONLINE    ONLINE    rac01         也可通过此命令查看更详细状态 crsctl stat res –t

 

--重建临时表空间,删除原来文件，添加新临时数据文件
alter database tempfile '' drop;

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '+DATA' SIZE 10G autoextend on;




至此数据库恢复工作已接近完成，根据相关需求请配置监听、优化系统和数据库参数等。


恢复完成，一定要做好检查工作，警告日志、表空间信息、spfile等信息

 

三、总结

在此恢复过程中，也遇到过一些问题，比如，相关目录没有建全、添加集群资源及相关命令不熟悉等导致的问题，在解决过程中我更多的是依赖官方文档，虽然官方也有错误吧，但比一些网络资料要好。虽然我的技术不怎么好，但有一个原则，既然写了，就写的详细点，至少不漏下关键步骤，分享技术、分享快乐，在路上。PS:如有遗漏，欢迎拍砖

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