《Head First 设计模式》代码之PHP版

《Head First 设计模式》是本不错的讲解设计模式的书，不像F4写的那么枯燥，应该算是比较容易理解的好书。书中的例子都比较浅显易懂，不过由于是外国佬写的，所以例子的习惯不是很附合中国特色，可能偶尔看起来有些别扭，还有语言习惯也不是中国风。当然看过这本书之后，你才能深刻理解设计模式到底能为你解决哪些题，不能为你解决哪些问题（比如不能代替你的编码）。

策略模式

<?php /** * 策略模式 * 定义了算法族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换， * 此模式让算法的变化独立于使用算法的客户。 */ //飞行行为接口 interface FlyBehavior { public function fly(); } //呱呱叫行为接口 interface QuackBehavior { public function quack(); } //翅膀飞行 class FlyWithWings implements FlyBehavior { public function fly() { echo "I'm flying!!/n"; } } //不会飞 class FlyNoWay implements FlyBehavior { public function fly() { echo "I can't fly!/n"; } } class FlyRocketPowered implements FlyBehavior { public function fly() { echo "I'm flying with a rocket!/n"; } } class Qquack implements QuackBehavior { public function quack() { echo "Quack/n"; } } class Squeak implements QuackBehavior { public function quack() { echo "Squeak/n"; } } class MuteQuack implements QuackBehavior { public function quack() { echo "<< Silence >>/n"; } } abstract class Duck { protected $quack_obj; protected $fly_obj; public abstract function display(); public function performQuack() { $this->quack_obj->quack(); } public function performFly() { $this->fly_obj->fly(); } public function swim() { echo "All ducks float, even decoys!/n"; } public function setFlyBehavior(FlyBehavior $fb) { $this->fly_obj = $fb; } public function setQuackBehavior(QuackBehavior $qb) { $this->quack_obj = $qb; } } class ModelDuck extends Duck { public function __construct() { $this->fly_obj = new FlyNoWay(); $this->quack_obj = new MuteQuack(); } public function display() { echo "I'm a model duck!/n"; } } $model = new ModelDuck(); $model->performFly(); $model->performQuack(); //提供新的能力 $model->setFlyBehavior(new FlyRocketPowered()); $model->setQuackBehavior(new Squeak()); $model->performFly(); $model->performQuack(); ?>

单件模式

<?php /** * 单件模式 * 确保一个类只有一个实例，并提供一个全局访问点。 */ class MyClass { private static $uniqueInstance; private function __construct() { } public static function getInstance() { if (self::$uniqueInstance == null) { self::$uniqueInstance = new MyClass(); } return self::$uniqueInstance; } } $myClass = MyClass::getInstance(); var_dump($myClass); $myClass = MyClass::getInstance(); var_dump($myClass); ?>

工厂方法模式

<?php abstract class PizzaStore { public function orderPizza($type) { $pizza = $this->createPizza($type); $pizza->prepare(); $pizza->bake(); $pizza->cut(); $pizza->box(); return $pizza; } public abstract function createPizza($type); } class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { public function createPizza($type) { if ($type == "cheese") { return new NYStyleCheesePizza(); } elseif ($type == "veggie") { return new NYStyleVeggiePizza(); } elseif ($type == "clam") { return new NYStyleClamPizza(); } elseif ($type == "papperoni") { return new NYStylePapperoniPizza(); } else { return null; } } } class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { public function createPizza($type) { if ($type == "cheese") { return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza(); } elseif ($type == "veggie") { return new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza(); } elseif ($type == "clam") { return new ChicagoStyleClamPizza(); } elseif ($type == "papperoni") { return new ChicagoStylePapperoniPizza(); } else { return null; } } } abstract class Pizza { public $name; public $dough; public $sauce; public $toppings = array(); public function prepare() { echo "Preparing " . $this->name . "/n"; echo "Yossing dough.../n"; echo "Adding sauce.../n"; echo "Adding toppings: /n"; for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->toppings); $i++) { echo " " . $this->toppings[$i] . "/n"; } } public function bake() { echo "Bake for 25 minutes at 350/n"; } public function cut() { echo "Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices/n"; } public function box() { echo "Place pizza in official PizzaStore box/n"; } public function getName() { return $this->name; } } class NYStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza { public function __construct() { $this->name = "NY Style Sauce and cheese Pizza"; $this->dough = "Thin Crust Dough"; $this->sauce = "Marinara Sauce"; $this->toppings[] = "Grated Reggiano Cheese"; } } class NYStyleVeggiePizza extends Pizza { public function __construct() { $this->name = "NY Style Sauce and veggie Pizza"; $this->dough = "Thin Crust Dough"; $this->sauce = "Marinara Sauce"; $this->toppings[] = "Grated Reggiano veggie"; } } class NYStyleClamPizza extends Pizza { public function __construct() { $this->name = "NY Style Sauce and clam Pizza"; $this->dough = "Thin Crust Dough"; $this->sauce = "Marinara Sauce"; $this->toppings[] = "Grated Reggiano clam"; } } class NYStylePapperoniPizza extends Pizza { public function __construct() { $this->name = "NY Style Sauce and papperoni Pizza"; $this->dough = "Thin Crust Dough"; $this->sauce = "Marinara Sauce"; $this->toppings[] = "Grated Reggiano papperoni"; } } class ChicagoStyleCheesePizza extends Pizza { public function __construct() { $this->name = "Chicago Style Deep Dish Cheese Pizza"; $this->dough = "Extra Thick Crust Dough"; $this->sauce = "Plum Tomato Sauce"; $this->toppings[] = "Shredded Mozzarella Cheese"; } public function cut() { echo "Cutting the pizza into square slices/n"; } } $myStore = new NYPizzaStore(); $chicagoStore = new ChicagoPizzaStore(); $pizza = $myStore->orderPizza("cheese"); echo "Ethan ordered a " . $pizza->getName() . "/n"; $pizza = $chicagoStore->orderPizza("cheese"); echo "Ethan ordered a " . $pizza->getName() . "/n"; ?>

工厂模式

<?php abstract class PizzaStore { public function orderPizza($type) { $pizza = $this->createPizza($type); $pizza->prepare(); $pizza->bake(); $pizza->cut(); $pizza->box(); return $pizza; } public abstract function createPizza($type); } class NYPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { public function createPizza($type) { $pizza = null; $ingredientFactory = new NYPizzaIngredientFactory(); if ($type == "cheese") { $pizza = new CheesePizza($ingredientFactory); $pizza->setName('New York Style Cheese Pizza'); } elseif ($type == "veggie") { $pizza = new VeggiePizza($ingredientFactory); $pizza->setName('New York Style Veggie Pizza'); } elseif ($type == "clam") { $pizza = new ClamPizza($ingredientFactory); $pizza->setName('New York Style Clam Pizza'); } elseif ($type == "papperoni") { $pizza = new PapperoniPizza($ingredientFactory); $pizza->setName('New York Style Papperoni Pizza'); } return $pizza; } } class ChicagoPizzaStore extends PizzaStore { public function createPizza($type) { if ($type == "cheese") { return new ChicagoStyleCheesePizza(); } elseif ($type == "veggie") { return new ChicagoStyleVeggiePizza(); } elseif ($type == "clam") { return new ChicagoStyleClamPizza(); } elseif ($type == "papperoni") { return new ChicagoStylePapperoniPizza(); } else { return null; } } } interface PizzaIngredientFactory { public function createDough(); public function createSauce(); public function createCheese(); public function createVeggies(); public function createPepperoni(); public function createClam(); } class NYPizzaIngredientFactory implements PizzaIngredientFactory { public function createDough() { return new ThinCrustDough(); } public function createSauce() { return new MarinaraSauce(); } public function createCheese() { return new ReggianoCheese(); } public function createVeggies() { $veggies = array( new Garlic(), new Onion(), new Mushroom(), new RedPepper(), ); return $veggies; } public function createPepperoni() { return new SlicedPepperoni(); } public function createClam() { return new FreshClams(); } } class ChicagoPizzaIngredientFactory implements PizzaIngredientFactory { public function createDough() { return new ThickCrustDough(); } public function createSauce() { return new PlumTomatoSauce(); } public function createCheese() { return new Mozzarella(); } public function createVeggies() { $veggies = array( new BlackOlives(), new Spinach(), new EggPlant(), ); return $veggies; } public function createPepperoni() { return new SlicedPepperoni(); } public function createClam() { return new FrozenClams(); } } abstract class Pizza { public $name; public $dough; public $sauce; public $veggies = array(); public $cheese; public $pepperoni; public $clam; public abstract function prepare(); public function bake() { echo "Bake for 25 minutes at 350/n"; } public function cut() { echo "Cutting the pizza into diagonal slices/n"; } public function box() { echo "Place pizza in official PizzaStore box/n"; } public function getName() { return $this->name; } public function setName($name) { $this->name = $name; } public function __toString() { } } class CheesePizza extends Pizza { public $ingredientFactory; public function __construct(PizzaIngredientFactory $ingredientFactory) { $this->ingredientFactory = $ingredientFactory; } public function prepare() { echo "Preparing " . $this->name . "/n"; $this->dough = $this->ingredientFactory->createDough(); $this->sauce = $this->ingredientFactory->createSauce(); $this->cheese = $this->ingredientFactory->createCheese(); } } class ClamPizza extends Pizza { public $ingredientFactory; public function __construct(PizzaIngredientFactory $ingredientFactory) { $this->ingredientFactory = $ingredientFactory; } public function prepare() { echo "Preparing " . $this->name . "/n"; $this->dough = $this->ingredientFactory->createDough(); $this->sauce = $this->ingredientFactory->createSauce(); $this->cheese = $this->ingredientFactory->createCheese(); $clam = $this->ingredientFactory->createClam(); } } $nyPizzaStore = new NYPizzaStore(); $nyPizzaStore->orderPizza('cheese'); ?>

观察者模式

<?php /** * 观察者模式 * 定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，当一个对象改变状态时， * 它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。 */ interface Subject { public function registerObserver(Observer $o); public function removeObserver(Observer $o); public function notifyObservers(); } interface Observer { public function update($temperature, $humidity, $pressure); } interface DisplayElement { public function display(); } class WeatherData implements Subject { private $observers = array(); private $temperature; private $humidity; private $pressure; public function __construct() { $this->observers = array(); } public function registerObserver(Observer $o) { $this->observers[] = $o; } public function removeObserver(Observer $o) { if (($key = array_search($o, $this->observers)) !== false) { unset($this->observers[$key]); } } public function notifyObservers() { foreach ($this->observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this->temperature, $this->humidity, $this->pressure); } } public function measurementsChanged() { $this->notifyObservers(); } public function setMeasurements($temperature, $humidity, $pressure) { $this->temperature = $temperature; $this->humidity = $humidity; $this->pressure = $pressure; $this->measurementsChanged(); } } class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement { private $temperature; private $humidity; private $weatherData; public function __construct(Subject $weatherData) { $this->weatherData = $weatherData; $weatherData->registerObserver($this); } public function update($temperature, $humidity, $pressure) { $this->temperature = $temperature; $this->humidity = $humidity; $this->display(); } public function display() { echo "温度：" . $this->temperature . "; 湿度：" . $this->humidity . "%/n"; } } class StatistionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement { private $temperature; private $humidity; private $pressure; private $weatherData; public function __construct(Subject $weatherData) { $this->weatherData = $weatherData; $weatherData->registerObserver($this); } public function update($temperature, $humidity, $pressure) { $this->temperature = $temperature; $this->humidity = $humidity; $this->pressure = $pressure; $this->display(); } public function display() { echo "温度：" . $this->temperature . "; 湿度：" . $this->humidity . "%; 气压：" . $this->pressure . "/n"; } } $weatherData = new WeatherData(); $currentDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay($weatherData); $statistionDisplay = new StatistionsDisplay($weatherData); $weatherData->setMeasurements(10, 20, 30); $weatherData->removeObserver($currentDisplay); $weatherData->setMeasurements(30, 40, 50); ?>

命令模式

<?php class Light { public function __construct() { } public function on() { echo "Light On/n"; } public function off() { echo "Light Off/n"; } } interface Command { public function execute(); } class LightOnCommand implements Command { public $light; public function __construct(Light $light) { $this->light = $light; } public function execute() { $this->light->on(); } } class SimpleRemoteControl { public $slot; public function __construct() { } public function setCommand(Command $command) { $this->slot = $command; } public function buttonWasPressed() { $this->slot->execute(); } } class RemoteControlTest { public static function main() { $remote = new SimpleRemoteControl(); $light = new Light(); $lightOn = new LightOnCommand($light); $remote->setCommand($lightOn); $remote->buttonWasPressed(); } } RemoteControlTest::main(); ?>  

装饰者模式

<?php /** * 装饰着模式 * 动态地将责任附加到对象上，若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。 */ abstract class Beverage { public $description = "Unknown Beverage"; public function getDescription() { return $this->description; } public abstract function cost(); } abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage { //JAVA代码里这里是个抽象类，PHP不允许这么做 public function getDescription() { return $this->description; } } class Espresso extends Beverage { public function __construct() { $this->description = "Espresso"; } public function cost() { return 1.99; } } class HouseBlend extends Beverage { public function __construct() { $this->description = "HouseBlend"; } public function cost() { return .89; } } class DarkRoast extends Beverage { public function __construct() { $this->description = "DarkRoast"; } public function cost() { return .99; } } class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator { public $beverage; public function __construct(Beverage $beverage) { $this->beverage = $beverage; } public function getDescription() { return $this->beverage->getDescription() . ", Mocha"; } public function cost() { return .20 + $this->beverage->cost(); } } class Whip extends CondimentDecorator { public $beverage; public function __construct(Beverage $beverage) { $this->beverage = $beverage; } public function getDescription() { return $this->beverage->getDescription() . ", Whip"; } public function cost() { return .10 + $this->beverage->cost(); } } class Soy extends CondimentDecorator { public $beverage; public function __construct(Beverage $beverage) { $this->beverage = $beverage; } public function getDescription() { return $this->beverage->getDescription() . ", Soy"; } public function cost() { return .15 + $this->beverage->cost(); } } $beverage = new Espresso(); echo $beverage->getDescription() . "/n"; $beverage2 = new DarkRoast(); $beverage2 = new Mocha($beverage2); $beverage2 = new Mocha($beverage2); $beverage2 = new Whip($beverage2); echo $beverage2->getDescription() . " $" . $beverage2->cost() . "/n"; $beverage3 = new HouseBlend(); $beverage3 = new Soy($beverage3); $beverage3 = new Mocha($beverage3); $beverage3 = new Whip($beverage3); echo $beverage3->getDescription() . " $" . $beverage3->cost() . "/n"; ?>

状态模式

<?php class GumballMachine { const SOLD_OUT = 0; const NO_QUARTER = 1; const HAS_QUARTER = 2; const SOLD = 3; public $state = self::SOLD_OUT; public $count = 0; public function __construct($count) { $this->count = $count; if ($count > 0) { $this->state = self::NO_QUARTER; } } public function insertQuarter() { if ($this->state == self::HAS_QUARTER) { echo "You can't insert another quarter!/n"; } else if ($this->state == self::NO_QUARTER) { $this->state = self::HAS_QUARTER; echo "You inserted a quarter!/n"; } else if ($this->state == self::SOLD_OUT) { echo "You can't insert a quarter, the machine is sold out!/n"; } else if ($this->state == self::SOLD) { echo "Please wait, we're already giving you a gumball!/n"; } } } $obj = new GumballMachine(0); print_r($obj) ?>