提到软解析(soft parse)和硬解析(hard
parse),就不能不说一下Oracle对sql的处理过程。当你发出一条sql语句交付Oracle,在执行和获取结果前,Oracle对此sql将进行几个步骤的处理过程:
1、语法检查(syntax
check)
检查此sql的拼写是否语法。
2、语义检查(semantic
check)
诸如检查sql语句中的访问对象是否存在及该用户是否具备相应的权限。
3、对sql语句进行解析(parse)
利用内部算法对sql进行解析,生成解析树(parse
tree)及执行计划(execution plan)。
4、执行sql,返回结果(execute and
return)
其中,软、硬解析就发生在第三个过程里。
Oracle利用内部的hash算法来取得该sql的hash值,然后在library
cache里查找是否存在该hash值;
假设存在,则将此sql与cache中的进行比较;
假设“相同”,就将利用已有的解析树与执行计划,而省略了优化器的相关工作。这也就是软解析的过程。
诚然,如果上面的2个假设中任有一个不成立,那么优化器都将进行创建解析树、生成执行计划的动作。这个过程就叫硬解析。
创建解析树、生成执行计划对于sql的执行来说是开销昂贵的动作,所以,应当极力避免硬解析,尽量使用软解析。
这就是在很多项目中,倡导开发设计人员对功能相同的代码要努力保持代码的一致性,以及要在程序中多使用绑定变量的原因。
软解析、硬解析的一个小测试:
Table created
SQL > insert into sess_event
2 select * from v$session_event
3 where sid = ( select sid from v$mystat where rownum = 1 );
9 rows inserted
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% '
3 ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 32127
parse count (hard) 30365
parse count (failures) 1
SQL >
SQL > begin
2 for i in 1 .. 10000 loop
3 execute immediate ' insert into test values( ' || i || ' , ' || i || ' ) ' ;
4 end loop;
5 commit ;
6 end ;
7 /
PL / SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42201
parse count (hard) 40379
parse count (failures) 1
没有使用绑定变量(这种写法往往有人误认为使用了绑定,这里就不多解释了)总解析次数:10074
硬解析次数:10014
上边2个值除了我们的循环10000次外,还包括其他一些系统表的读写,所以解析次数大于10000,但是我们要注意下面的结果,对于每个SQL
都有一个版本,也就是ORACLE对于每个不同的SQL分别执行了硬解析,下面是共享池最后缓存的数据(部分已经被覆盖)
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
insert into test values ( 9630 , 9630 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9950 , 9950 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9625 , 9625 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9592 , 9592 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9940 , 9940 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9897 , 9897 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9679 , 9679 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9850 , 9850 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9744 , 9744 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9938 , 9938 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9977 , 9977 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9907 , 9907 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9809 , 9809 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9800 , 9800 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9645 , 9645 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9724 , 9724 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9799 , 9799 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9818 , 9818 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9642 , 9642 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9624 , 9624 ) 1 1 1
中间内容略
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
insert into test values ( 9838 , 9838 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9716 , 9716 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9691 , 9691 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9831 , 9831 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9992 , 9992 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9883 , 9883 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9865 , 9865 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9901 , 9901 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9657 , 9657 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 10000 , 10000 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9659 , 9659 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9746 , 9746 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9695 , 9695 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9869 , 9869 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9804 , 9804 ) 1 1 1
insert into test values ( 9843 , 9843 ) 1 1 1
435 rows selected
SQL > truncate talbe sess_event;
truncate talbe sess_event
ORA - 03290 : 无效的截断命令 - 缺失 CLUSTER 或 TABLE 关键字
SQL > truncate table sess_event;
Table truncated
SQL > alter system flush shared_pool;
System altered
SQL >
SQL > insert into sess_event
2 select * from v$session_event
3 where sid = ( select sid from v$mystat where rownum = 1 );
10 rows inserted
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42643
parse count (hard) 40456
parse count (failures) 2
SQL >
SQL > begin
2 for i in 1 .. 10000 loop
3 execute immediate ' insert into test values(:v1,:v2) ' using i,i;
4 end loop;
5 commit ;
6 end ;
7 /
PL / SQL procedure successfully completed
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42688
parse count (hard) 40466
parse count (failures) 2
下面看下使用绑定变量的情况(真正使用了绑定)总解析次数:45
硬解析次数:10
我们可以看出差异是多么大了,呵呵,对于SQL本身只有一次软解析,执行次数为10000
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
begin for i in 1 .. 10000 loop execute immediate ' insert into test values(:v1,:v2 1 1 1
update sys.job$ set failures=0, this_date=null, flag=:1, last_date=:2, next_dat 1 1 1
insert into test values(:v1,:v2) 1 1 10000
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper( 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper( 1 1 1
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
System altered
但是我们要注意一个情况,即时同样的SQL如果没有使用绑定变量,ORACLE也会对其执行一次软解析的,但是没有硬解析,如下:
每执行一次SQL,也会同时产生其他写系统表等很多相关的软解析包括查询SQL本身。硬解析不变。
1 row inserted
SQL > commit ;
Commit complete
SQL > select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper (sql_text) like ' %TEST% ' ;
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
update sys.job$ set failures = 0 , this_date = null , flag = : 1 , last_date = : 2 , next_dat 1 1 1
insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' ) 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 1 1
SQL > insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' );
1 row inserted
SQL > commit ;
Commit complete
SQL > select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper (sql_text) like ' %TEST% ' ;
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
update sys.job$ set failures = 0 , this_date = null , flag = : 1 , last_date = : 2 , next_dat 1 1 1
insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' ) 1 2 2
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 2 2
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42906
parse count (hard) 40520
parse count (failures) 2
SQL > insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' );
1 row inserted
SQL > commit ;
Commit complete
SQL > select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper (sql_text) like ' %TEST% ' ;
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
begin dbsnmp.mgmt_response.get_latest_curs(:a); end ; 1 1 1
BEGIN IF (: 1 = ' READ WRITE ' ) THEN -- -- -- For a read- 1 1 1
DECLARE instance_number NUMBER ; latest_task_id NUMBER ; 1 1 1
update sys.job$ set failures = 0 , this_date = null , flag = : 1 , last_date = : 2 , next_dat 1 4 4
insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' ) 1 3 3
DELETE FROM MGMT_DB_LATEST_HDM_FINDINGS WHERE TARGET_GUID = :B2 AND COLLECTION_T 2 3 3
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 3 3
8 rows selected
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42922
parse count (hard) 40520
parse count (failures) 2
SQL > insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' );
1 row inserted
SQL > commit ;
Commit complete
SQL > insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' );
1 row inserted
SQL > commit ;
Commit complete
SQL > select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper (sql_text) like ' %TEST% ' ;
SQL_TEXT VERSION_COUNT PARSE_CALLS EXECUTIONS
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------- ----------- ----------
begin dbsnmp.mgmt_response.get_latest_curs(:a); end ; 1 1 1
BEGIN IF (: 1 = ' READ WRITE ' ) THEN -- -- -- For a read- 1 1 1
DECLARE instance_number NUMBER ; latest_task_id NUMBER ; 1 1 1
update sys.job$ set failures = 0 , this_date = null , flag = : 1 , last_date = : 2 , next_dat 1 5 5
insert into test values ( ' 1 ' , ' 1111111111 ' ) 1 5 5
DELETE FROM MGMT_DB_LATEST_HDM_FINDINGS WHERE TARGET_GUID = :B2 AND COLLECTION_T 2 3 3
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 1 1
select SQL_TEXT,VERSION_COUNT,PARSE_CALLS,EXECUTIONS from v$sqlarea where upper ( 1 4 4
8 rows selected
SQL >
SQL > SELECT NAME,VALUE FROM V$MYSTAT A,V$STATNAME B WHERE A.STATISTIC# = B.STATISTIC#
2 AND NAME LIKE ' parse count% ' ;
NAME VALUE
-- -------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
parse count (total) 42946
parse count (hard) 40520
parse count (failures) 2
SQL >
通过这个例子我们也就知道V$SQLAREA中的解析包含什么内容了
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