为一个RAC搭建standby和单节点搭建方法基本一致，我们可以把RAC看成是一个单节点的数据库，只需要保证所有节点的日志能传送到备库即可。
一、在备库服务器安装ORACLE软件
只安装软件，不要创建数据库。ORACLE软件版本和主库保持一致。
二、修改主库参数
节点1执行：
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
节点2执行：
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /dev/raw/raw14
可见，在本例中，RAC各节点共用一个spfile，所以，我们修改参数时，可以只需在一个节点下修改就可以了。
--强制数据库LOGGING
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.
--修改DATAGUARD相关参数
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/soft/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4 scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET COMPATIBLE = '10.2.0.3' scope=spfile;
System altered.
--以下几个参数是为了SWITCH OVER用的，是可选参数。
--但是为了以后可能发生的SWITCH OVER更方便，应该养成设置这些参数的习惯
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_CLIENT = PRIMARY SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET FAL_SERVER = STANDBY SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT =AUTO SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/soft/oradata/rac/','/dev/raw/' SCOPE=SPFILE;
System altered.
--在本文测试环境下，由于主库和备库路径不一致，所以要设置路径转换参数。
三、修改主库为归档模式
1、--关闭所有实例
--注意：修改以上参数后，必须把所有实例都关闭。否则在启动实例的时候可能会导致错误：
--ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kccsbck_first], [2], [2241198041],
[], [], [], [], []
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
2、修改为归档模式
--关闭所有节点
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
--在其中一个节点启用归档
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 1260672 bytes
Variable Size 79692672 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
10GR2以前，在RAC环境下修改归档必须先把设置参数cluster_database=false，把数据库设置为归档后再把该参数设置为true，但这个步骤在10GR2可以省略。
四、备份数据库
1、备份数据库
备份操作在节点1(rac1)上执行。
由于归档在不同的节点下，故要连接所有节点进行备份：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 14:48:23 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: RAC (DBID=2232067446)
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac1;
4> allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/soft/backup/%U' connect sys/test@rac2;
5> backup database plus archivelog delete all input;
6> }
2、生成备库控制文件
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/soft/backup/CON_%U';
4> backup current controlfile for standby;
5> }
五、备库环境准备
1、在备库添加指向主库的tnsnames
在备库的tnsnames.ora添加如下内容：
primary =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.11)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 200.200.200.22)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = primary)
(FAILOVER_MODE =
(TYPE = SELECT)
(METHOD = BASIC)
(RETRIES = 180)
(DELAY = 5)
)
)
)2、在备库创建相关目录
包括adump,bdump,cdump,udump及数据文件目录等。
3、拷贝主库的密码文件到备库上
--拷贝rac1的密码文件到备库的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下，并把该密码文件修改为orapwd。这里我的sid就用rac1，所以，不用改名。
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp orapwrac1 172.25.0.35:`pwd`
orapwrac1 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
4、配置备库的监听
[oracle@standby admin]$ more listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)
(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/10.2/database)
(SID_NAME = rac1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
)
启动备库监听：lsnrctl start
5、设置备库参数文件
从主库rac1上根据spfile创建一个pfile文件，并传到备库上。
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database10gEnterpriseEdition Release10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters and Data Mining options
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp initrac1.ora 172.25.0.35:`pwd`
initrac1.ora
在备库上修改参数文件：
Ø 删除所有非”*”打头的参数设置及rac相关参数
Ø 设置dataguard参数
修改后参数如下：
[oracle@standby dbs]$ more initrac1.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.3'
*.control_files='/soft/oradata/rac/control01.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control02.ctl','/soft/oradata/rac/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'
*.db_name='rac'
*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'
*.fal_client='STANDBY'
*.fal_server='PRIMARY'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION= /soft/oradata/archivelog/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.log_file_name_convert='/DEV/RAW/','/SOFT/ORADATA/RAC/'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=157286400
*.sga_target=157286400
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/rac/udump'
以上有些参数非必须设置的，但是为了switchover更方便，建议都修改上。
Undo表空间保留其中一个就可以。
路径转换相关参数要设置对，否则会报错。
6、把备库启动到nomount状态
[oracle@standby ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Apr 30 18:42:39 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 159383552 bytes
Fixed Size 1260672 bytes
Variable Size 62915456 bytes
Database Buffers 92274688 bytes
Redo Buffers 2932736 bytes
7、从主库拷贝备份到备库上
之前备份的所有文件都拷贝到备库上，路径要和主库备份路径保持一致。如果不一致，linux下可以用ln的方式解决。
注意：两个节点都有归档的备份，要把这些备份都拷贝到备库上。
RAC1：
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/14876437/viewspace-557534/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/14876437/viewspace-557534/
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