Java super关键字用法

原文出自http://blog.csdn.net/ccpat/article/details/44491105

构造方法中的super关键字

在Java子类的构造方法中可以通过super关键字来调用父类的构造方法。其用法为： 

1) super(); 访问父类中的无参构造函数 
2) super (paras…); 访问父类中的成员函数yyy 
super()来调用父类无参的构造方法，但即使不使用super()，默认也会调用父类无参的构造方法。父类无参的构造方法可以是自定义的无参构造方法，也可以是编译器自动生成的默认构造方法。但如果父类中定义了有参的构造方法，但没有定义无参的构造方法，这时编译器不会生成默认构造函数，也就不能通过super()来调用构造方法。此外，如果父类中定义了private的无参构造方法，也不同通过super()来调用。 
super(paras…);用来调用父类中某个有参的构造方法。 
super调用父类的构造方法，必须放在子类构造方法的第一行中执行。如果调用的有参的父类构造方法，在super的参数中不能用子类中的非static成员变量（可以使用static成员变量，因为static成员变量在构造方法执行前就已经初始化），也不能使用this或super的相关调用。例如super(super.getClass().getName()); 
在构造方法中也可以使用super关键字来访问父类中的成员变量和成员函数。其用法和非构造方法中的super关键字用法相同。

非构造方法中的super关键字

在Java子类中可以通过通过super关键字来调用父类中的成员变量和方法。其用法是。 
1) super.xxx; 访问父类中的成员变量xxx 
2) super.yyy(paras…); 访问父类中的成员函数yyy 
super关键字访问父类的成员变量和成员函数时不能越过访问权限的控制，不能访问父类中private的成员变量和方法。例如：

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> mNum = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">b</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.mNum = i;     <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//错误，不能访问父类的private成员</span>
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

在有多层的继承关系时，super调用只能自身父类的成员变量和方法，不能越过父类直接调用父类的父类中的成员变量或方法。当然如果父类的父类中的成员变量或方法被父类继承，那么是可以通过super来调用该成员变量和方法的，但这时实际调用的是父类中的成员变量和方法。例如：

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> mNum = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        mNum = i;
    }
}
<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">b</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        mNum = i * i;
    }
}
<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">c</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">b</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.setNum(i);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//调用的是b中的setNum()方法</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.setNum(i);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//错误，不支持的用法</span>
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>

<code class="hljs axapta has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> mNum = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        mNum = i;
    }
}
<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">b</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">a</span> {</span>
}
<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">c</span> <span class="hljs-inheritance" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span></span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">b</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> setNum(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.setNum(i);    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//正确，虽然b中没有实现setNum()，但b中继承了a的setNum()函数，</span>
                            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//c中调用super.setNum()调用的是b的setNum()函数，可以执行。</span>
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li></ul><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; height: 60px; right: 30px; top: 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; z-index: 2;">

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