案例十一 、使用jQuery动态追加页面数据以及事件委托

我们要执行的任务是页面起初有一部分图片,我们在底下有一个More Photos的链接,点击后,向当前页面后加载一部分图片,再点击该链接,继续加载,直到将我们列出的页面加载完成,此时该链接也消失了。

首先效果图如下:
这里写图片描述
这个只截取了最底下的一部分页面。在鼠标悬停在图片上时,还会有文字出现,鼠标移出时文字消失。
我们现在要做的就是点击底下的MorePhotos链接时,再加载一部分数据,然后再点击在加载一部分数据,直到数据加载完。
首先body中代码如下:

<div id = "container">
<h1> Photo Gallery</h1>

<div id = "gallery">
    <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/1.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye ....</div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/2.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye.... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/3.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye.... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>
.
.
.
.
//若干图片

</div>

 <div class = "link"><a id = "more-photos" href = "1.html"> More Photos &gt;&gt;</a></div> 
</div>

然后在同一根目录下写几个HTML代码片段,用于加载。

如,我这有一个1.html代码如下

<div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/1.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/2.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/3.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/4.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/5.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/6.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

在这个HTML片段中我引入了6个图片。其他的片段如2.html等等都可以仿照上面的这个来写。在定义好了许多个HTML片段后,利用jQuery进行动态追加数据。

首先引入一个jquery库 http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.js

<script>
    $(document).ready(function(){
    //首先定义一个变量来记录当前是多少页
        var pageNum = 1;

        //给链接添加点击事件
        $("#more-photos").click(function(event){
            event.preventDefault();
            var $link = $(this);

            //获得当前所点链接的url
            var url = $link.attr('href');

            //如果该链接的url存在,进行页面追加
            if(url){
                $.get(url, function(data){
                    $("#gallery").append(data);
                });

        pageNum ++;
    //总共有十个片段要追加,名称分别为1.html,2.html ...10.html
        当当前页面的总数小于总数时,进行链接更新。
        if(pageNum < 10){
            $link.attr('href', './'+pageNum+'.html');
                }

        //当将所有片段追加完成后,移除链接。
            else{
                $link.remove();
            }
            }
        })
    });

以上的代码就可以进行动态的向页面追加数据了。

但是在谷歌的浏览器中会出现以下的错误:

jquery.js:8475 XMLHttpRequest cannot load file:///C:/Users/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%B9%E5%87%A4/Desktop/webtest/1.html. Cross origin requests are only supported for protocol schemes: http, data, chrome, chrome-extension, https.

在IE10的环境下进行测试的,没问题。
解决办法就是装一个web服务器,然后将文件拷到项目中,以web服务器中的路径访问,就没有问题啦!形如http://localhost:8080/ajax/ajaxLoad.html

由于还有鼠标悬浮事件,当我们将鼠标悬浮在某个图片上时,就会出现文字,移出时,图片上的文字消失。

$(document).ready(function(){
        $('div .photo').hover(function(){
            $(this).find('.details').fadeTo('slow', 0.7);
        },function(){
                $(this).find('.details').fadeOut('slow');
        })
    });
或者可以将上面的代码组合起来减少冗余代码:

$(document).ready(function(){
    $('div.photo').on('mouseenter mouseleave', 
            function(event){
            var $details = $(this).find('.details');
            if(event.type == 'mouseenter'){
                $details.fadeTo('slow', 0.7);
                //0.7代表的是透明度
            }
            else{
                $details.fadeOut('slow');
            }
        })
});

当我们使用上面的两种代码为每个图片添加鼠标悬浮事件时,只有最初页面上的那些图片才会被绑定事件,而经过动态加载的图片上却没能绑定上事件。因为事件处理程序只会添加到调用方法时已经存在的元素上,像通过这种动态追加的元素,不会绑定那些事件。
所以有两种解决方案:
1. 在动态加载后重新绑定事件处理程序
2. 一开始就把事件绑定在存在的元素上,依赖于事件冒泡。

接下来就是使用jquery的委托方法;

$(document).ready(function(){
        $('#gallery').on('mouseenter mouseleave', 'div.photo', function(event){

            var $details = $(this).find('.details');
            if(event.type == 'mouseenter'){
                $details.fadeTo('slow', 0.7);
            }
            else{
                $details.fadeOut('slow');
            }
        })
    })

$(‘#gallery’).on(‘mouseenter mouseleave’, ‘div.photo’, function(event)中,在将’div.photo’作为第二个参数的情况下,.on()方法会把 this映射到 gallery中与该选择符匹配的元素。换句话说,就是this指向gallery中的 div class= ‘photo’的元素。

所以在最后追加的页面中,由于都属于gallery 下的元素,所以每一个图片都会加上相应的事件。
或许在你不知道要添加的页面属于哪个父级元素的话,可以将$(‘#gallery’).on( )中的’#gallery’替换成document。这样就不必担心选错容器。因为document是页面中所有元素的祖先。
但使用document有弊端:
当DOM嵌套结构很深,事件冒泡通过大量的祖先元素会有较大的性能损失。
但是还会有其他的原因让我们选择document作为委托作用域。
一般来说,只有当相应的DOM元素加载完毕,才会给它绑定事件处理程序。这就是为什么我们要把代码放到$(document).ready(function(){}内部的原因。可是document元素是随着页面加载几乎就立即可以调用的。把处理程序绑定到document不用等到完整的DOM构建结束。如上面的代码可以写为:‘

(function($){
        $(document).on('mouseenter mouseleave', 'div.photo', function(event){

            var $details = $(this).find('.details');
            if(event.type == 'mouseenter'){ $details.fadeTo('slow', 0.7); }
            else{ $details.fadeOut('slow'); }
        })
    })(jQuery);

因为没有等到整个文档就绪,所以可以确保所有<div class= 'photo'>元素只要呈现在页面上,就可以应用mouseenter 和mouseleave行为。

上面就是关于利用jQuery动态追加页面数据以及事件委托的全部知识。下面附上源代码;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8" />
    <title>动态加载</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src = "http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.js"></script>
    <style type="text/css">
    *{
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
    }


    #container{
        position: relative;
        width: 1300px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        /*background-color: #ccc;
        height: auto;*/
    }
    #gallery{
        position: relative;
        width: 1300px;
        margin: 0 auto;

    }
    .details{
        display: none;
    }

    .photo{
        padding: 20px;
        border-radius: 5px;
        border:1px solid #ccc;
        box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ccc;
        float: left;
        margin: 8px;
    }

    .photo img{

        /*z-index: 1;*/
        width: 200px;
        height: 300px;
        clear: both;
    }

    .photo .details{
        position: absolute;
        z-index: 2;
        padding-left: 20px;
        margin-top:-200px;
        /*clear: both;*/
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .description{
        overflow: hidden;
        width: 200px;
        color: lightgreen;
        font-size: 18px;
        font-weight: bold;
    }

    .date{
        font-size:16px;
        margin: 20px 0px;
        color: red; 
    }
    .photographer{
        font-size:14px;
        font-family: "Arial" ;
    }
    .link a{

        clear: both;
        text-decoration: none;
        padding-left: 90%;


    }
    h1{
        text-align: center; 
    }
    </style>

    <script>
    $(document).ready(function(){

        var pageNum = 1;
        $("#more-photos").click(function(event){
            event.preventDefault();
            var $link = $(this);
            var url = $link.attr('href');
            console.log(url);
            if(url){
                $.get(url, function(data){
                    $("#gallery").append(data);
                });

                pageNum ++;
                if(pageNum < 4){
                    $link.attr('href', './'+pageNum+'.html');
                }


            else{
                $link.remove();
            }
            }
        })
    })

    // $(document).ready(function(){
    //  $('div .photo').hover(function(){
    //      $(this).find('.details').fadeTo('slow', 0.7);
    //  },function(){
    //          $(this).find('.details').fadeOut('slow');
    //  })
    // })

    $(document).ready(function(){
        $('#gallery').on('mouseenter mouseleave', 'div.photo', function(event){

            var $details = $(this).find('.details');
            if(event.type == 'mouseenter'){
                $details.fadeTo('slow', 0.7);
            }
            else{
                $details.fadeOut('slow');
            }
        })
    })

    </script>
</head>
<body>
<div id = "container">
<h1> Photo Gallery</h1>

<div id = "gallery">
    <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/1.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye ....</div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/2.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye.... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/3.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye.... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/4.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye .....</div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/5.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye ....</div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/6.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye ...</div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/7.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye.... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/8.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye..... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/9.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye ...... </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/10.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/11.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/12.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>


        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/13.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/14.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

        <div class = "photo">
        <img src = "./images/15.jpg">
        <div class = "details">
            <div class = "description">The Cullin Mountains, Isle of skye </div>
            <div class = "date">12/24/2000</div>
            <div class = "photographer"> Alasdair Dougall</div>
        </div>
    </div>

</div>

 <div class = "link"><a id = "more-photos" href = "1.html"> More Photos &gt;&gt;</a></div> 
</div>
</body>
</html>
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