CString使用(多线程、线程安全)

CString的线程安全问题

在多线程中使用一个局部CString变量相加时发现相加的结果是后一个字符串值,没有时间过多研究,只好改成了char*,不过如下方法也可以避免:
CWin32Heap stringHeap( HEAP_NO_SERIALIZE,  0 0  );
CAtlStringMgr stringMgr( 
& stringHeap );
CString strstate(
& stringMgr );

找了一些资料贴上来希望对过客有用:
http://www.cppblog.com/alantop/archive/2008/07/10/55786.html

讨论CString线程安全性问题(内存泄漏)

CString在线程处理中,稍有处理不当,极易引起内存泄漏。
让我们来看一个例子:
在线程函数中使用如下代码


CString strstate;    
strstate.Format("正在统计中... (共 %d 项)", p->m_nItem);

可以看到非常简单,在debug下,很容易看到如下的内存泄漏。



怎么回事?
先把修改好的代码放上来
CWin32Heap stringHeap( HEAP_NO_SERIALIZE, 0, 0);
CAtlStringMgr stringMgr( &stringHeap );
CString strstate(&stringMgr );
strstate.Format(" 正在统计中... (共 %d 项)", p->m_nItem);
如上代码才具有线程安全性。

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc485480(VS.71).aspx


自定义字符串管理器的实现(基本方法)

为字符串数据自定义内存分配方案的最简单的方式是使用 ATL 提供的 CAtlStringMgr 类,但您需要自己提供内存分配例程。CAtlStringMgr 的构造函数采用单一参数:即指向 IAtlMemMgr 对象的指针。IAtlMemMgr 是提供到堆的一般接口的抽象基类。通过 IAtlMemMgr 接口,CAtlStringMgr 分配、重新分配和释放用于存储字符串数据的内存。您既可以自已实现 IAtlMemMgr 接口,也可以使用由 ATL 提供的五个内存管理器类之一。ATL 提供的内存管理器只包装现有的内存分配功能:

要进行字符串内存管理,最有用的类是 CWin32Heap,因为它使您能够创建多个独立的堆。例如,如果使用仅用于字符串的独立堆,可进行以下操作:

//Declare a thread-safe, growable, private heap with initial size 0
CWin32Heap g_stringHeap( 0, 0, 0 );
// Declare a string manager that uses the private heap
CAtlStringMgr g_stringMgr( &g_stringHeap ); 

要使用此专用的字符串管理器来管理 CString 变量的内存,请将一个指针传递给管理器作为 CString 变量的构造函数的一个参数:

void PrintPowers( int nBase )
{
int n = 1;
for( int nPower = 0; nPower < 10; nPower++ )
{
// Use the private string manager, instead of the default
CString strPower( &g_stringMgr );
strPower.Format( "%d", n );
printf( "%s\n", LPCSTR( strPower ) );
n *= nBase;
}
}

http://blog.csdn.net/zero_dian/archive/2006/01/08/573352.aspx    谈新手对CString的使用
CString类功能强大,比STL的string类有过之无不及.新手使用CString时,都会被它强大的功能所吸引.然而由于对它内部机制的不了解,新手在将CString向C的字符数组转换时容易出现很多问题.因为CString已经重载了LPCTSTR运算符,所以CString类向const char *转换时没有什么麻烦,如下所示: 
  char a[100]; 
  CString str("aaaaaa"); 
  strncpy(a,(LPCTSTR)str,sizeof(a)); 
  或者如下: 

  strncpy(a,str,sizeof(a)); 

  以上两种用法都是正确地.因为strncpy的第二个参数类型为const char *.所以编译器会自动将CString类转换成const char *.很多人对LPCTSTR是什么东西迷惑不解,让我们来看看: 

  1.LP表示长指针,在win16下有长指针(LP)和短指针(P)的区别,而在win32下是没有区别的,都是32位.所以这里的LP和P是等价的. 

  2.C表示const 

  3.T是什么东西呢,我们知道TCHAR在采用UNICODE方式编译时是wchar_t,在普通时编译成char那么就可以看出LPCTSTR(PCTSTR)在UINCODE时是const wchar_t *,PCWSTR,LPCWSTR,在多字节字符模式时是const char *, PCSTR,LPCSTR.接下来我们看在非UNICODE情况下,怎样将CString转换成char *,很多初学者都为了方便采用如下方法: 
  (char *)(LPCSTR)str 

  这样对吗?我们首先来看一个例子: 
  CString str("aa"); 
  strcpy((char *)(LPCTSTR)str,"aaaaaaaa"); 
  cout<<(LPCTSTR)str<<endl; 

  在Debug下运行出现了异常,我们都知道CString类内部有自己的字符指针,指向一个已分配的字符缓冲区.如果往里面写的字符数超出了缓冲区范围,当然会出现异常.但这个程序在Release版本下不会出现问题.原来对CString类已经进行了优化.当需要分配的内存小于64字节时,直接分配64字节的内存,以此类推,一般CString类字符缓冲区的大小为64,128,256,512...这样是为了减少内存分配的次数,提高速度. 

  那有人就说我往里面写的字符数不超过它原来的字符数,不就不会出错了,比如 
  CString str("aaaaaaa"); 
  strcpy((char *)(LPCTSTR)str,"aa"); 
  cout<<(LPCTSTR)str<<endl; 

  这样看起来是没什么问题.我们再来看下面这个例子: 
  CString str("aaaaaaa"); 
  strcpy((char *)(LPCTSTR)str,"aa"); 
  cout<<(LPCTSTR)str<<endl; 
  cout<<str.GetLength()<<endl; 

  我们看到str的长度没有随之改变,继续为7而不是2.还有更严重的问题: 
  CString str("aaaaaaa"); 
  CString str1 = str; 
  strcpy((char *)(LPCTSTR)str,"aa"); 
  cout<<(LPCTSTR)str<<endl; 
  cout<<(LPCTSTR)str1<<endl; 

  按说我们只改变了str,str1应该没有改变呀,可是事实时他们都变成了"aa".难道str和str1里面的字符指针指向的缓冲区是一个.我们在Effective C++里面得知,如果你的类内部有包含指针,请为你的类写一个拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符.不要让两个对象内部的指针指向同一区域,而应该重新分配内存.难道是微软犯了错? 

  原来这里还有一个"写时复制"和"引用计数"的概念.CString类的用途很广,这样有可能在系统内部产生大量的CString临时对象.这时为了优化效率,就采用在系统软件内部广泛使用的"写时复制"概念.即当从一个CString产生另一个CString并不复制它的字符缓冲区内容,而只是将字符缓冲区的"引用计数"加1.当需要改写字符缓冲区内的内容时,才分配内存,并复制内容.以后我会给出一个"写时复制"和"引用计数"的例子我们回到主题上来,当我们需要将CString转换成char *时,我们应该怎么做呢?其时只是麻烦一点,如下所示: 
  CString str("aaaaaaa"); 
  strcpy(str.GetBuffer(10),"aa"); 
  str.ReleaseBuffer(); 

  当我们需要字符数组时调用GetBuffer(int n),其中n为我们需要的字符数组的长度.使用完成后一定要马上调用ReleaseBuffer();还有很重要的一点就是,在能使用const char *的地方,就不要使用char * 


更多参考链接:http://blog.csdn.net/wu_123_456/article/details/37649663

                           http://www.cppblog.com/elva/archive/2008/12/22/70076.html

// ============================================================================= // FILE: StdString.h // AUTHOR: Joe O'Leary (with outside help noted in comments) // // If you find any bugs in this code, please let me know: // // jmoleary@earthlink.net // http://www.joeo.net/stdstring.htm (a bit outdated) // // The latest version of this code should always be available at the // following link: // // http://www.joeo.net/code/StdString.zip (Dec 6, 2003) // // // REMARKS: // This header file declares the CStdStr template. This template derives // the Standard C++ Library basic_string<> template and add to it the // the following conveniences: // - The full MFC CString set of functions (including implicit cast) // - writing to/reading from COM IStream interfaces // - Functional objects for use in STL algorithms // // From this template, we intstantiate two classes: CStdStringA and // CStdStringW. The name "CStdString" is just a #define of one of these, // based upone the UNICODE macro setting // // This header also declares our own version of the MFC/ATL UNICODE-MBCS // conversion macros. Our version looks exactly like the Microsoft's to // facilitate portability. // // NOTE: // If you you use this in an MFC or ATL build, you should include either // afx.h or atlbase.h first, as appropriate. // // PEOPLE WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THIS CLASS: // // Several people have helped me iron out problems and othewise improve // this class. OK, this is a long list but in my own defense, this code // has undergone two major rewrites. Many of the improvements became // necessary after I rewrote the code as a template. Others helped me // improve the CString facade. // // Anyway, these people are (in chronological order): // // - Pete the Plumber (???) // - Julian Selman // - Chris (of Melbsys) // - Dave Plummer // - John C Sipos // - Chris Sells // - Nigel Nunn // - Fan Xia // - Matthew Williams // - Carl Engman // - Mark Zeren // - Craig Watson // - Rich Zuris // - Karim Ratib // - Chris Conti // - Baptiste Lepilleur // - Greg Pickles // - Jim Cline // - Jeff Kohn // - Todd Heckel // - Ullrich Poll?hne // - Joe Vitaterna // - Joe Woodbury // - Aaron (no last name) // - Joldakowski (???) // - Scott Hathaway // - Eric Nitzche // - Pablo Presedo // - Farrokh Nejadlotfi // - Jason Mills // - Igor Kholodov // - Mike Crusader // - John James // - Wang Haifeng // - Tim Dowty // - Arnt Witteveen // - Glen Maynard // - Paul DeMarco // - Bagira (full name?) // - Ronny Schulz // - Jakko Van Hunen // - Charles Godwin // - Henk Demper // - Greg Marr // - Bill Carducci // - Brian Groose // - MKingman // - Don Beusee // // REVISION HISTORY // // 2005-JAN-10 - Thanks to Don Beusee for pointing out the danger in mapping // length-checked formatting functions to non-length-checked // CRT equivalents. Also thanks to him for motivating me to // optimize my implementation of Replace() // // 2004-APR-22 - A big, big thank you to "MKingman" (whoever you are) for // finally spotting a silly little error in StdCodeCvt that // has been causing me (and users of CStdString) problems for // years in some relatively rare conversions. I had reversed // two length arguments. // // 2003-NOV-24 - Thanks to a bunch of people for helping me clean up many // compiler warnings (and yes, even a couple of actual compiler // errors). These include Henk Demper for figuring out how // to make the Intellisense work on with CStdString on VC6, // something I was never able to do. Greg Marr pointed out // a compiler warning about an unreferenced symbol and a // problem with my version of Load in MFC builds. Bill // Carducci took a lot of time with me to help me figure out // why some implementations of the Standard C++ Library were // returning error codes for apparently successful conversions // between ASCII and UNICODE. Finally thanks to Brian Groose // for helping me fix compiler signed unsigned warnings in // several functions. // // 2003-JUL-10 - Thanks to Charles Godwin for making me realize my 'FmtArg' // fixes had inadvertently broken the DLL-export code (which is // normally commented out. I had to move it up higher. Also // this helped me catch a bug in ssicoll that would prevent // compilation, otherwise. // // 2003-MAR-14 - Thanks to Jakko Van Hunen for pointing out a copy-and-paste // bug in one of the overloads of FmtArg. // // 2003-MAR-10 - Thanks to Ronny Schulz for (twice!) sending me some changes // to help CStdString build on SGI and for pointing out an // error in placement of my preprocessor macros for ssfmtmsg. // // 2002-NOV-26 - Thanks to Bagira for pointing out that my implementation of // SpanExcluding was not properly handling the case in which // the string did NOT contain any of the given characters // // 2002-OCT-21 - Many thanks to Paul DeMarco who was invaluable in helping me // get this code working with Borland's free compiler as well // as the Dev-C++ compiler (available free at SourceForge). // // 2002-SEP-13 - Thanks to Glen Maynard who helped me get rid of some loud // but harmless warnings that were showing up on g++. Glen // also pointed out that some pre-declarations of FmtArg<> // specializations were unnecessary (and no good on G++) // // 2002-JUN-26 - Thanks to Arnt Witteveen for pointing out that I was using // static_cast<> in a place in which I should have been using // reinterpret_cast<> (the ctor for unsigned char strings). // That's what happens when I don't unit-test properly! // Arnt also noticed that CString was silently correcting the // 'nCount' argument to Left() and Right() where CStdString was // not (and crashing if it was bad). That is also now fixed! // // 2002-FEB-25 - Thanks to Tim Dowty for pointing out (and giving me the fix // for) a conversion problem with non-ASCII MBCS characters. // CStdString is now used in my favorite commercial MP3 player! // // 2001-DEC-06 - Thanks to Wang Haifeng for spotting a problem in one of the // assignment operators (for _bstr_t) that would cause compiler // errors when refcounting protection was turned off. // // 2001-NOV-27 - Remove calls to operator!= which involve reverse_iterators // due to a conflict with the rel_ops operator!=. Thanks to // John James for pointing this out. // // 2001-OCT-29 - Added a minor range checking fix for the Mid function to // make it as forgiving as CString's version is. Thanks to // Igor Kholodov for noticing this. // - Added a specialization of std::swap for CStdString. Thanks // to Mike Crusader for suggesting this! It's commented out // because you're not supposed to inject your own code into the // 'std' namespace. But if you don't care about that, it's // there if you want it // - Thanks to Jason Mills for catching a case where CString was // more forgiving in the Delete() function than I was. // // 2001-JUN-06 - I was violating the Standard name lookup rules stated // in [14.6.2(3)]. None of the compilers I've tried so // far apparently caught this but HP-UX aCC 3.30 did. The // fix was to add 'this->' prefixes in many places. // Thanks to Farrokh Nejadlotfi for this! // // 2001-APR-27 - StreamLoad was calculating the number of BYTES in one // case, not characters. Thanks to Pablo Presedo for this. // // 2001-FEB-23 - Replace() had a bug which caused infinite loops if the // source string was empty. Fixed thanks to Eric Nitzsche. // // 2001-FEB-23 - Scott Hathaway was a huge help in providing me with the // ability to build CStdString on Sun Unix systems. He // sent me detailed build reports about what works and what // does not. If CStdString compiles on your Unix box, you // can thank Scott for it. // // 2000-DEC-29 - Joldakowski noticed one overload of Insert failed to do a // range check as CString's does. Now fixed -- thanks! // // 2000-NOV-07 - Aaron pointed out that I was calling static member // functions of char_traits via a temporary. This was not // technically wrong, but it was unnecessary and caused // problems for poor old buggy VC5. Thanks Aaron! // // 2000-JUL-11 - Joe Woodbury noted that the CString::Find docs don't match // what the CString::Find code really ends up doing. I was // trying to match the docs. Now I match the CString code // - Joe also caught me truncating strings for GetBuffer() calls // when the supplied length was less than the current length. // // 2000-MAY-25 - Better support for STLPORT's Standard library distribution // - Got rid of the NSP macro - it interfered with Koenig lookup // - Thanks to Joe Woodbury for catching a TrimLeft() bug that // I introduced in January. Empty strings were not getting // trimmed // // 2000-APR-17 - Thanks to Joe Vitaterna for pointing out that ReverseFind // is supposed to be a const function. // // 2000-MAR-07 - Thanks to Ullrich Poll?hne for catching a range bug in one // of the overloads of assign. // // 2000-FEB-01 - You can now use CStdString on the Mac with CodeWarrior! // Thanks to Todd Heckel for helping out with this. // // 2000-JAN-23 - Thanks to Jim Cline for pointing out how I could make the // Trim() function more efficient. // - Thanks to Jeff Kohn for prompting me to find and fix a typo // in one of the addition operators that takes _bstr_t. // - Got rid of the .CPP file - you only need StdString.h now! // // 1999-DEC-22 - Thanks to Greg Pickles for helping me identify a problem // with my implementation of CStdString::FormatV in which // resulting string might not be properly NULL terminated. // // 1999-DEC-06 - Chris Conti pointed yet another basic_string<> assignment // bug that MS has not fixed. CStdString did nothing to fix // it either but it does now! The bug was: create a string // longer than 31 characters, get a pointer to it (via c_str()) // and then assign that pointer to the original string object. // The resulting string would be empty. Not with CStdString! // // 1999-OCT-06 - BufferSet was erasing the string even when it was merely // supposed to shrink it. Fixed. Thanks to Chris Conti. // - Some of the Q172398 fixes were not checking for assignment- // to-self. Fixed. Thanks to Baptiste Lepilleur. // // 1999-AUG-20 - Improved Load() function to be more efficient by using // SizeOfResource(). Thanks to Rich Zuris for this. // - Corrected resource ID constructor, again thanks to Rich. // - Fixed a bug that occurred with UNICODE characters above // the first 255 ANSI ones. Thanks to Craig Watson. // - Added missing overloads of TrimLeft() and TrimRight(). // Thanks to Karim Ratib for pointing them out // // 1999-JUL-21 - Made all calls to GetBuf() with no args check length first. // // 1999-JUL-10 - Improved MFC/ATL independence of conversion macros // - Added SS_NO_REFCOUNT macro to allow you to disable any // reference-counting your basic_string<> impl. may do. // - Improved ReleaseBuffer() to be as forgiving as CString. // Thanks for Fan Xia for helping me find this and to // Matthew Williams for pointing it out directly. // // 1999-JUL-06 - Thanks to Nigel Nunn for catching a very sneaky bug in // ToLower/ToUpper. They should call GetBuf() instead of // data() in order to ensure the changed string buffer is not // reference-counted (in those implementations that refcount). // // 1999-JUL-01 - Added a true CString facade. Now you can use CStdString as // a drop-in replacement for CString. If you find this useful, // you can thank Chris Sells for finally convincing me to give // in and implement it. // - Changed operators << and >> (for MFC CArchive) to serialize // EXACTLY as CString's do. So now you can send a CString out // to a CArchive and later read it in as a CStdString. I have // no idea why you would want to do this but you can. // // 1999-JUN-21 - Changed the CStdString class into the CStdStr template. // - Fixed FormatV() to correctly decrement the loop counter. // This was harmless bug but a bug nevertheless. Thanks to // Chris (of Melbsys) for pointing it out // - Changed Format() to try a normal stack-based array before // using to _alloca(). // - Updated the text conversion macros to properly use code // pages and to fit in better in MFC/ATL builds. In other // words, I copied Microsoft's conversion stuff again. // - Added equivalents of CString::GetBuffer, GetBufferSetLength // - new sscpy() replacement of CStdString::CopyString() // - a Trim() function that combines TrimRight() and TrimLeft(). // // 1999-MAR-13 - Corrected the "NotSpace" functional object to use _istpace() // instead of _isspace() Thanks to Dave Plummer for this. // // 1999-FEB-26 - Removed errant line (left over from testing) that #defined // _MFC_VER. Thanks to John C Sipos for noticing this. // // 1999-FEB-03 - Fixed a bug in a rarely-used overload of operator+() that // caused infinite recursion and stack overflow // - Added member functions to simplify the process of // persisting CStdStrings to/from DCOM IStream interfaces // - Added functional objects (e.g. StdStringLessNoCase) that // allow CStdStrings to be used as keys STL map objects with // case-insensitive comparison // - Added array indexing operators (i.e. operator[]). I // originally assumed that these were unnecessary and would be // inherited from basic_string. However, without them, Visual // C++ complains about ambiguous overloads when you try to use // them. Thanks to Julian Selman to pointing this out. // // 1998-FEB-?? - Added overloads of assign() function to completely account // for Q172398 bug. Thanks to "Pete the Plumber" for this // // 1998-FEB-?? - Initial submission // // COPYRIGHT: // 2002 Joseph M. O'Leary. This code is 100% free. Use it anywhere you // want. Rewrite it, restructure it, whatever. If you can write software // that makes money off of it, good for you. I kinda like capitalism. // Please don't blame me if it causes your $30 billion dollar satellite // explode in orbit. If you redistribute it in any form, I'd appreciate it // if you would leave this notice here. // ============
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值