备份＆恢复之四：非归档模式下的备份与恢复

备份＆恢复之四：非归档模式下的备份与恢复

来自piner:
http://www.itpub.net/viewthread.php?tid=126320&extra=page%3D4%26amp%3Bfilter%3Ddigest

测试环境：
1      操作系统：Redhat Linux 5
[oracle@mzl proc]$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-8.el5 (brewbuilder@ls20-bc2-14.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.1 20070105 (Red Hat 4.1.1-52)) #1 SMP Fri Jan 26 14:15:21 EST 2007

2     数据库版本：Oracle10g
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production


3  设置成非归档模式.
[oracle@mzl ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed May 7 18:24:26 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  268435456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218868 bytes
Variable Size              88082124 bytes
Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers                7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     16
Current log sequence           18
SQL>


4 创建表插入数据
SQL> drop table test;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created.

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row created.

SQL> select * from test;

         A
----------
         1

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

5  查看表test在哪个表空间
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables
  2  where table_name='TEST';

TABLE_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST                           SYSTEM

原来在system表空间内


6   运行冷备份脚本
[oracle@mzl BackupDatabase]$ pwd
/home/mzl/BackupDatabase
[oracle@mzl BackupDatabase]$ vi coldbak.sql
#rem script.:coldbak.sql
#rem creater:mengzhaoliang
#rem data:2008/2/4
#rem desc:offline full backup database
#enter database
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "/as sysdba" <#--shutdown database
shutdown immediate
#--Copy Data file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/
#--Copy Control file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.ctl /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/
--Copy Log file
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.log /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/
#--startup database
startup
<[oracle@mzl BackupDatabase]$ ./coldbak.sql

7  继续插入数据.
SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from test;

         A
----------
         1
         2

8  关闭数据库，把system01.dbf数据文件移出
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

[oracle@mzl orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ ls
control01.ctl  create.sql     redo01.log  risenet.dbf   system01.dbf
control02.ctl  example01.dbf  redo02.log  sqlnet.log    undotbs01.dbf
control03.ctl  perfstat.dbf   redo03.log  sysaux01.dbf  users01.dbf
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ mkdir Old
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ mv system01.dbf Old

9 启动数据库
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  268435456 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218868 bytes
Variable Size              88082124 bytes
Database Buffers          171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers                7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'


其中alert_ORCL.log信息为：
Wed May  7 18:51:17 2008
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/orcl_dbw0_3450.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

其中orcl_dbw0_3450.trc的信息为：
*** SESSION ID:(167.1) 2008-05-07 18:51:17.505
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3




查看哪些文件需要恢复：
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

     FILE# ONLINE  ONLINE_ ERROR                             CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------
         1 ONLINE  ONLINE                                    1091429 07-MAY-08



10   把原来的冷备份数据拷贝过来
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ ls
control01.ctl  create.sql     perfstat.dbf  redo03.log   sysaux01.dbf
control02.ctl  example01.dbf  redo01.log    risenet.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
control03.ctl  Old            redo02.log    sqlnet.log   users01.dbf
[oracle@mzl orcl]$ cp /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/system01.dbf  .


11  执行recover操作，打开数据库
SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from test;

         A
----------
         1
         2





这里可以发现，数据库恢复成功，但在备份之后与崩溃之前的数据丢失了。
说明：
1、非归档模式下的恢复方案可选性很小，一般情况下只能有一种恢复方式，就是数据库的冷备份的完全恢复，仅仅需要拷贝原来的备份,需要recover。
2、这种情况下的恢复，可以完全恢复到备份的点上，但是可能是丢失数据的，在备份之后与崩溃之前的数据将全部丢失。
3、不管毁坏了多少数据文件或是联机日志或是控制文件，都可以通过这个办法恢复，因为这个恢复过程是Restore所有的冷备份文件，而这个备份点上的所有文件是一致的，与最新的数据库没有关系，就好比把数据库又放到了一个以前的“点”上。
4、对于非归档模式下，最好的办法就是采用OS的冷备份，建议不要用RMAN来作冷备份，效果不好，因为RMAN不备份联机日志，restore不能根本解决问题。
5、如果没有备份联机日志，如RMAN的备份，就需要利用不完全恢复(until cancel)的方法来重新创建联机日志文件

 

 

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