Oracle学习系列—关于字符数字混合排序和中文排序的问题

关于汉字排序的问题源于曾经做过的114号码百事通查询，当时要求提供按笔画、部首、拼音的多种查询方式，拼音排序直接按名称字段进行排序时总有些是是而非的错误，百思不得其解；同时笔画、部首排序也摸不着头脑。。。

数字和英文混合排序

1,3,A,B,101,301,AB,BA

要求按照数字，字符分别进行排序，同时在统一类别数据中，首先按数字ASC，再次按长度排序，要求结果如下

1,101,3,301,A,AB,B,BA 或者

1,3,101,301,A,B,AB,BA

但是很奇怪，第一个排序似乎在合并两个视图之后，排序规则有点乱了。。。

CREATE TABLE TestNumberChar ( SortName VARCHAR2(20) ) INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('1'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('3'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('A'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('B'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('101'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('301'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('AB'); INSERT INTO TestNumberChar VALUES('BA'); COMMIT;

CREATE VIEW vSortNumber as SELECT * FROM TestNumberChar WHERE SUBSTR(SortName,1,1) IN ('0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9') ORDER BY LENGTH(SortName),SortName CREATE VIEW vSortChar as SELECT * FROM TestNumberChar WHERE SUBSTR(SortName,1,1) NOT IN ('0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9') ORDER BY LENGTH(SortName),SortName SELECT * FROM vSortNumber UNION SELECT * FROM vSortChar

Order	Sort Result
1	1
2	101
3	3
4	301
5	A
6	AB
7	B
8	BA

SELECT * FROM TestNumberChar ORDER BY TO_NUMBER ( SUBSTR ( SortName,1,LENGTH(SortName)-NVL ( LENGTH ( REPLACE ( TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.','00000000000'),'0' ) ),0 ) ) ) SELECT SortName A, TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.','00000000000') B , REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.','00000000000'),'0') C, LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.','00000000000'), '0')) D, NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.', '00000000000'),'0')),0) E, LENGTH(SortName)-NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName, '0123456789.','00000000000'),'0')),0) F, SUBSTR(SortName,1,LENGTH(SortName)- NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.', '00000000000'),'0')),0)) G, TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(SortName,1, LENGTH(SortName)-NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE( TRANSLATE(SortName,'0123456789.','00000000000'),'0')),0))) H FROM TestNumberChar ORDER BY TO_NUMBER(SUBSTR(SortName,1, LENGTH(SortName)-NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(SortName, '0123456789.','00000000000'),'0')),0)))

Sort	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
1	1	0			0	1	1	1
2	3	0			0	1	3	3
3	101	000			0	3	101	101
4	301	000			0	3	301	301
5	A	A	A	1	1	0
6	B	B	B	1	1	0
7	BA	BA	BA	2	2	0
8	AB	AB	AB	2	2	0

关于汉字字符排序

CREATE TABLE TestHZ ( SortName VARCHAR2(20) ) INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('你'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('我'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('他'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('鸡'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('鸭'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('鹅'); INSERT INTO TestHZ VALUES ('铑'); COMMIT;

The NLSSORT Function

The NLSSORT function enables you to use any linguistic sort for an ORDER BY clause. It replaces a character string with the equivalent sort string used by the linguistic sort mechanism so that sorting the replacement strings produces the desired sorting sequence. For a binary sort, the sort string is the same as the input string.

The kind of linguistic sort used by an ORDER BY clause is determined by the NLS_SORT session parameter, but it can be overridden by explicitly using the NLSSORT function.

SELECT * FROM TestHZ --按拼音排序 SELECT * FROM TestHZ ORDER BY SortName --按笔画(第一顺序)、部首(第二顺序)排序 SELECT * FROM TestHZ ORDER BY NLSSORT(SortName,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_STROKE_M') --按部首(第一顺序)、拼音(第二顺序)排序 SELECT * FROM TestHZ ORDER BY NLSSORT(SortName,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_RADICAL_M') --按拼音排序 SELECT * FROM TestHZ ORDER BY NLSSORT(SortName,'NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_PINYIN_M')

粗略的看一下结果，Sort By和Sort By NLSSORT(XXX,’NLS_SORT = SCHINESE_PINYIN_M’)排序结果差不多，实际上，排序不同主要是针对一些比较生僻的汉字而言的，如“铑”。具体问题出在哪里，暂时也不清楚。。。

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