UML摘要

Use Case[@more@]

Reference to Learning UML Figure4-9

Use an extend dependency when a use case is optional to another use case. Because the Maintain Project, Maintain Activity, and Maintain Task use cases extend the Manage Project use case, the Manage Project use case must be developed before the others; otherwise, the other use cases won't have a use case to extend. Likewise, the Administer System use case must be developed before the Startup System and Shutdown System use cases, Startup System must be developed before Restore Data, and Shutdown System must be developed before Backup Data. However, once Administer System is developed, Startup System and Shutdown System may be developed in parallel or concurrently, because they are not directly related.

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It is important to understand the difference between include and extend dependencies and use-case generalization. An inclusion use case does not have knowledge of the base use case that includes it, an extension use case does not have knowledge of the base use case that it extends, and the Maintain Activity use case in Figure 4-8 has no knowledge of the use cases that it extends, so they can't involve the actors of the base use case in their behavior sequences. For example, the Log Activity use case in Figure 4-6 has no knowledge of the use cases that include it. However, a more specific use case receives or inherits the actors, behavior sequences, and extension points of its more general use case, so it can involve the actors of the more general use case in its behavior sequence. For example, the Generate Report use case in Figure 4-13 has knowledge of the Publish Status use case and may involve the Project Manager actor in its behavior sequence. An inclusion use case must be developed before its base use cases, an extension use case must be developed after its base use cases, and a more specific use case must be developed after its more general use cases.

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You usually apply use-case modeling during requirements activities to capture requirements that define what a system should do. Use-case modeling typically starts early in a project and continues throughout a system development process. It is usually done as a series of workshops between users and analysts of a system in which ideas can be explored and requirements may be fleshed out over time.

Component modeling typically starts after the design of the system is fairly complete, as determined by your system development process.

You typically apply deployment modeling during design activities to determine how deployment activities will make the system available to its users; that is, to determine the elements of the system on which deployment activities will focus.Like component modeling, deployment modeling usually starts after the design of the system is fairly complete, as determined by your system development process.

You usually apply interaction and collaboration modeling during analysis and design activities to understand the requirements and determine how a system will satisfy its requirements. Interaction and collaboration modeling usually start after requirements have matured enough, as determined by your system development process, and continue in parallel with class and object modeling (Chapter 3) throughout a system development process.

Class and object modeling usually start after the requirements have matured enough (as determined by your system development process) and continue in parallel with interaction and collaboration modeling (Chapter 6) throughout the system development process, while focusing on the elements that make up the system and their relationships.

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