Overview
This guide is a short description how to install Oracle 10.2.0.x on Linux (32 or 64 Bit). The full Oracle installation guide can be found here: Oracle® Database Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) for Linux x86.
In this guide we use the following ORACLE_BASE, ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID.
Download
Download the following software from the Oracle Download or Metalink Site
- 10201_database_linux32.zip (Base Software)
- 10201_companion_linux32.zip (Companion Software)
- p6810189_10204_Linux-x86.zip (Patchset)
After downloading check the CKSUM / MD5SUM as described on Oracle's Site. |
cksum 10201_database_linux32.zip md5sum p6810189_10204_Linux-x86.zip
Requirements Checking Memory and Swap Space
Oracle says that the system must have at least 1GB of physical RAM and 1GB of swap space or twice the size of RAM. And for systems with more than 2 GB of RAM, the swap space can be between one and two times the size of RAM. You might also want to check out sizing swap space.
To check the size of physical memory, execute:
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 515700 kB
To check the size of swap space, execute:
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 1004052 kB
You also can add temporary swap space to your system by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:
su - root cd /root dd if=/dev/zero f=/root/tmpswp bs=1k count=500000 500000+0 records in 500000+0 records out chmod 600 tmpswp mkswap tmpswp Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 511995 kB swapon tmpswp grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal: 1504044 kB
Checking /tmp Space
The Oracle Universal Installer requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory. If you do not have enough space in the /tmp filesystem, you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this (/u01 is another filesystem)
su - root mkdir /u01/tmp chown root:root /u01/tmp chmod 1777 /u01/tmp export TEMP=/u01 export TMPDIR=/u01
When you are done with the Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary /tmp directory:
su - root rmdir /u01/tmp unset TEMP unset TMPDIR
Checking Kernel Parameters (Values from Oracle Site for 10.2.0.x)
To see all kernel parameters, execute:
su - root sysctl -a
Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. Do not change the value of any kernel parameter on a system where it is already higher than listed as minimum requirement.
We added the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file which is used during the boot process:
# Kernel Parameters for Oracle 10.2.0 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 1048576 net.core.rmem_max = 1048576 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Adding these lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file will cause the system to change these kernel parameters after each boot using the /etc/init.d/bootmisc script. which is invoked by /etc/inittab. But in order that these new added lines or settings in /etc/sysctl.conf become effective immediately, execute the following command:
Configuring kernel parameters:
su - root sysctl -p
Creating Oracle User Account
To create the oracle account and group(s), execute the following commands:
su - root groupadd -g 400 dba useradd -u 400 -g 400 -d /export/home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Owner" oracle
Members of the dba group can administer Oracle databases, for example starting up and shutting down databases. In this guide, we are creating the oracle user account to have this responsibility. |
Note on the «oinstall» Group
The oinstall group is often needed for those organizations who have separate groups that maintain the software and the database. In this scenario, the group membership prevents unauthorized access to the database by personnel who maintain the software, and it prevents the database administrators from making changes to the software and the installations inventory directory.
When using oinstall during the install of the software, one must set their default group to the one that will be maintaining the database before creating the database or permission problems will arise.
Oinstall is not needed when the same people will be maintaining the software and the database. In this situation, it will create more work and add an extra layer of complexity to the maintenance of the installation.
Recommendation: if you don't need the oinstall group for added security, just install using the dba group.
Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User
Most shells like Bash provide control over various resources like the maximum allowable number of open file descriptors or the maximum number of processes available to a user.
To see all shell limits, run:
ulimit -a
Setting Limits for the Oracle User
After you changed and increased /proc/sys/fs/file-max, there is still a per user limit of open file descriptors which is set to 1024 by default:
su - oracle ulimit -n 1024
To change this, you have to edit the file /etc/security/limits.conf as root and make the following changes or add the following lines, respectively:
# To increase the shell limits for Oracle 10 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536
The «soft limit» in the first line defines the number of file handles or open files that the Oracle user will have after login. If the Oracle user gets error messages about running out of file handles, then the Oracle user can increase the number of file handles like in this example up to 63536 («hard limit») by running the following command:
ulimit -n 63536
Note that we do not recommend to set the «hard limit» for nofile for the oracle user equal to /proc/sys/fs/file-max. If you do that and the user uses up all the file handles, then the system would run out of file handles. This could mean that you won't be able to initiate new remote logins any more since the system won't be able to open any PAM modules which are required for performing a login. That's why we set the hard limit to 63536 and not to 65536.
You also need to make sure that pam_limits is configured in the file /etc/pam.d/system-auth. This is the PAM module that will read the /etc/security/limits.conf file. The entry should read like:
session required pam_limits.so session required pam_unix.so
Now login to the oracle account again since the changes will become effective for new login sessions only.
su - oracle ulimit -n 4096
Make Settings Permanent
For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to the $HOME/.bash_profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 63536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 63536 fi fi
Setup Environment
Before installing the Oracle software, set the environment in $HOME/admin/.GENTIC, this file will be sourced each time after login. In the example below, gentic is the SID of the database which we will create.
cd $HOME . ./.gentic
ls -l drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle dba 4.0K Sep 26 14:51 admin lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba 15 Oct 2 10:18 .gentic -> admin/.gentic cat .gentic
#!/bin/bash
unset TWO_TASK
export ORACLE_SID=GENTIC export LISTENER_NAME=$ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_BASE=/export/home/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0 export ORACLE_DOC=$ORACLE_HOME/doc export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export TNS_ADMIN=/export/home/oracle/admin/sqlnet
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export NLS_LANG=american_america.al32utf8 export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data export TEMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=/tmp export EDITOR=vi
ulimit -u 16384 -n 63536
Installing Oracle Base, Companion and Patch
This is only a brief description of the installation, the screenshots are not shown, however note the following important issues.
- Order of the Installation
- Install Base Product (10.2.0.1)
- Install Companion Disk to avoid NCOMP error
- Install Patch (10.2.0.4)
- Do not create a Database using Oracle installer, this is an extra step, install software only.
- Create the Oracle Inventory in $ORACLE_BASE/product.
- Choose «Oracle Database 10g Products 10.2.0.1.0» option when installing companion
Create Oracle Home Directories
Oracle Installer does not create Oracle Base / Oracle Home directories.
mkdir -p /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0
Start Installer
As Oracle10g is certified only on some Linux editions you may get the following error when you run Oracle's runInstaller, and installation will stop:
Checking operating system version: must be redhat-2.1, UnitedLinux-1.0 or redhat-3 Failed <<<<
Solution: Use the option -ignoreSysPrereqs or edit/create the file /etc/redhat-release. |
cd DISPLAY=:0.0 export DISPLAY ./runInstaller
Create Inventory in: /export/home/oracle/product
The location of the Oracle Inventory can always be checked in the file /etc/oraInst.loc
cat /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/export/home/oracle/product inst_group=dba
Oracle Companion Products
Choose «Oracle Database 10g Products 10.2.0.1.0» option, to avoid NCOMP error.
![ora_companion.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f9f6d71e872b9e5216e5a7533c6d6b07.gif)
Cleanup $ORACLE_HOME/bin
After the installation some non used files in $ORACLE_HOME/bin can be removed.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin rm *O rm *0
Create the Listener
You can generate the needed files or you can create them manually. Put them in $TNS_ADMIN, but create symbolic links from $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin to these files, because some tools do not consult $TNS_ADMIN environment variable.
Example of LISTNER.ORA
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # File: listener.ora # # Purpose: Configuration file for Net Listener # # Location: $TNS_ADMIN # # Certified: Oracle 10.2.0.3 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENTIC = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DBHOST.EXAMPLE.COM)(PORT = 25000)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = GENTIC.EXAMPLE.COM)) ) )
SID_LIST_GENTIC = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = GENTIC) (GLOBAL_DBNAME = GENTIC.EXAMPLE.COM) (ORACLE_HOME = /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0) ) )
LOG_DIRECTORY_GENTIC = /export/home/oracle/admin/sqlnet TRACE_FILE_GENTIC = gentic.trc
Example of TNSNAMES.ORA
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # File: tnsnames.ora # # Purpose: Configuration File for all Net Clients # # Location: $TNS_ADMIN # # Certified: Oracle 10.2.0.3 on Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
GENTIC = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DBHOST.EXAMPLE.COM)(PORT = 25000)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = GENTIC.EXAMPLE.COM) ) )
Example of SQLNET.ORA
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------- # File: sqlnet.ora # # Purpose: Configuration File for all Net Clients # # Location: $TNS_ADMIN # # Certified: Oracle 10.1.0.3 on RedHat Enterprise 5 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)
Create Symbolic Links
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba listener.ora -> /export/home/oracle/admin/sqlnet/listener.ora lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba sqlnet.ora -> /export/home/oracle/admin/sqlnet/sqlnet.ora lrwxrwxrwx 1 oracle dba tnsnames.ora -> /export/home/oracle/admin/sqlnet/tnsnames.ora
Start and show status of Listener GENTIC
lsnrctl start GENTIC lsnrctl status GENTIC
Create Database
We recommend to generate the create scripts using Oracle DBCA. These scripts should be verified because they show man important issues - important to know for every DBA. Based on these scripts, we created our own initSID.sql and initSID.ora to create the database. In the subdirectory addons all optional parts of the database can be found and installed using install-addons.bash
Edit initSID.ora and initSID.sql for your needs
Adjust and check the parameters for your environment, for example all PATH must be changed, the value of SGA_TARGET and SGA_MAX_SIZE must be set according your physical memory, etc.
The files can be found in:
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/GENTIC/scripts/initGENTIC.sql $ORACLE_BASE/admin/GENTIC/pfile/initGENTIC.ora
Enable Remote Administration with SYSDBA Privileges
If you want to manage all of your Oracle databases from one place and not have to log on to each host, you must do it via a network connection. For example to remotely administer RMAN through a network connection, you need such an environment. To enable remote administration you have to two things:
1. Create a password file on each target database. 2. Enable remote logins for password file users.
To create the password file, as the Oracle software owner or as a member of the DBA group:
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/GENTIC/pfile orapwd file=orapwGENTIC password=xxxx entries=5 force=y
After you create a password file, you need to enable remote logins. To do this, set the instance's REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE initialization parameter in INIT.ORA to exclusive, as shown:
remote_login_passwordfile = exclusive
Setting this parameter to exclusive signifies that only one database can use the password file and that users other than SYS can reside in it. You can now use a network connection to connect to your target database as SYSDBA.
sqlplus "sys/xxxx@ as sysdba"
Create Symbolic Links
Create symbolic links from $ORACLE_HOME/dbs as follows:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs lrwxrwxrwx orapwGENTIC -> /export/home/oracle/admin/GENTIC/pfile/orapwGENTIC lrwxrwxrwx initGENTIC.ora -> /export/home/oracle/admin/GENTIC/pfile/initGENTIC.ora
Create the Database
First start the Instance, just to test your INIT file for correct syntax and system resources.
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/GENTIC/scripts sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect / as sysdba SQL> startup nomount SQL> shutdown immediate
Now you can create the database
SQL> @initGENTIC.sql SQL> @shutdown immediate SQL> startup
Check the Logfile: initGENTIC.log
Create additional Products in the Database (optional)
If you do not want all additional products to be installed, uncomment them in install-addons.bash.
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/GENTIC/scripts/addons ./install-addons.bash
Create Server Parameter File
Server parameter files let you make persistent changes to individual parameters. When you use a server parameter file, you can specify in an ALTER SYSTEM SET parameter statement that the new parameter value should be persistent. This means that the new value applies not only in the current instance, but also to any instances that are started up subsequently. Traditional client-side parameter files do not let you make persistent changes to parameter values.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs rm initGENTIC.ora
sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> create spfile = '/export/home/oracle/admin/GENTIC/pfile/spfileGENTIC.ora' from pfile = '/export/home/oracle/admin/GENTIC/pfile/initGENTIC.ora'; File created. SQL> exit;
ln -s /export/home/oracle/admin/GENTIC/pfile/spfileGENTIC.ora spfileGENTIC.ora sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup; SQL> exit;
Automatically Start / Stop the Database and Listener
If you want to start the database automatically on boot-time perform. the following steps:
- Copy standard oracle scripts dbstart and dbshut to $ORACLE_BASE/admin
- Create start/stop script. in /etc/init.d
- Activate this start/stop script. with chkconfig
- Edit /etc/oratab to start/stop the desired Databases
Copy standard oracle scripts dbstart and dbshut to $ORACLE_BASE/admin
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin cp dbstart dbshut $ORACLE_BASE/admin
Create start/stop script. in /etc/init.d as user root.
Activate this start/stop script. with chkconfig as root as follows
su - root chkconfig --add oracle chkconfig --list oracle
Edit /etc/oratab to start/stop the desired databases
su - root cat /etc/oratab
# Entries are of the form.: # $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME::
GENTIC:/export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0:Y
Activate Enterprise Manager Console
Create the repository for the enterprise manager console as follows:
emca -repos create emca -config dbcontrol db
Try to connect to the database control as follows:
http://:1158/em
Automatically start and stop the DB-console
emctl start dbconsole emctl stop dbconsole emctl status dbconsole
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