【TAR】【安装】Linux环境使用TAR命令快速部署安装Oracle

使用tar命令可以实现快速部署和安装Oracle的目的，当然，前提是您手中已经有了一份被您精心调优后的数据库tar包，此后，您就可以使用解tar的方式在其他的服务器上进行快速部署安装了。
下面展现一下这个“快速”的过程（斟酌一下哪些步骤还可以简化？）。

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1.安装必须的系统包
[root@secDB Server]# cd /media/RHEL_5.3\ x86_64\ DVD/Server/
rpm -ivh setarch-2*
rpm -ivh make-3*
rpm -ivh glibc-2*
rpm -ivh libaio-0*
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -ivh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -ivh libXp-1*
rpm -ivh openmotif-2*
rpm -ivh compat-db-4*

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2.修改sysctl.conf文件并使用“sysctl -p”命令使之生效
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

# /sbin/sysctl -p

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3.编辑limits.conf文件，尾部添加下面的内容
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
*     soft      nproc          2047
*     hard      nproc         16384
*     soft      nofile         1024
*     hard      nofile        65536

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4.编辑login文件，添加一行内容
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

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5.修改config文件
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted（注销该行）
SELINUXTYPE=disabled

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6.此时，最好重启一下服务器。

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7.创建oracle用户及组，并设置密码
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# groupadd oper
# useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
输入密码:oracle

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8.将tar包解开
这里要注意的的地方是：确认之前生成tar包的路径选用的是绝对路径还是相对路径，确保解tar后保持原有的目录结构不变。
[root@secDB /]# tar -xvf oracle_10203_.tar

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9.su到oracle用户，编辑.bash_profile配置文件
# su - oracle
# vi ~/.bash_profile
内容为：
# .bash_profile
set -o vi

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=secooler
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:.

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin:/sbin:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/oracle/crs/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

#LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1; export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
  else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

set -o vi

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10. 修改listener.ora文件和tnsnames.ora文件，将其中的IP地址替换为服务器的具体IP信息，并修改为静态监听（您也可以不使用静态监听的模式，以您具体测试结果为准）
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = secooler)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = secooler)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )


scl@secDB /home/oracle$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

secooler =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 144.194.192.100)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = secooler)
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

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11.启动监听
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ lsnrctl start

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12.修改hosts文件，将主机的名字添加到“127.0.0.1”后面，修改后的样例如下
[root@secDB ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               secDB localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

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13.最后，启动数据库，并验证数据库的可用性
scl@secDB /home/oracle$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Oct 21 14:41:21 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1577058304 bytes
Fixed Size                  2073024 bytes
Variable Size             385879616 bytes
Database Buffers         1174405120 bytes
Redo Buffers               14700544 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select *  from v$version;

BANNER
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Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.3.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production

SQL>

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14.小结
如果您经常在相同的操作系统环境下频繁的部署和安装小型的Oracle数据库，可以考虑使用这个解tar的方法。这样可以避免图形化界面安装过程的枯燥和乏味，同时可以节省DBA的宝贵时间。
这种方法也是快速构建测试环境的高效方法，可以真实的再现原有数据库的细节。

Good luck.

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