【RDA】使用RDA（Remote Diagnostic Agent）工具对数据库进行健康检查

RDA英文全称叫做“Oracle Remote Diagnostic Agent”。
这个Oracle诊断工具是用perl编写的，包含非常丰富的诊断脚本，使用它可以非常便利的采集到Oracle数据库服务器系统配置和数据库的详细信息。
如果您在向Oracle支持人员寻求帮助时能够提供一份RDA报告，将会大大的缩短问题处理的周期，避免信息的反复采集。
RDA不会更改数据库服务器的任何配置，仅仅是采集信息，了解系统。大家可以放心使用RDA工具。

这篇文章给大家介绍一下这个RDA工具的使用方法，供参考。

1.下载RDA安装包
参考MOS（Metalink Note）：314422.1
“Remote Diagnostic Agent (RDA) 4 - Getting Started [ID 314422.1]”文章中提供了不同操作系统版本的介质下载。
这里选择“Linux x86 (64-bit)”版本进行演示操作。

该工具支持以下操作系统：
Apple Mac OS X
HP OpenVMS
HP Tru64
HP-UX Itanium
HP-UX PA-RISC (32-bit)
HP-UX PA-RISC (64-bit)
IBM AIX on POWER Systems (32-bit)
IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)
IBM Dynix/Ptx
IBM Linux on POWER
IBM zSeries Based Linux
Linux Itanium
Linux x86 (32-bit)
Linux x86 (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (64-bit)
Sun Solaris Intel (32-bit)
Sun Solaris Intel (64-bit)
Sun Solaris SPARC (32-bit)
Sun Solaris SPARC (64-bit)

2.在数据库服务器上创建一个RDA目录
创建的RDA目录需要保证有足够的空间可用。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle$ mkdir RDA

3.将下载到的安装文件上传到服务器上
$ scp p9079828_418_LINUX.zip oracle@172.17.193.211:/home/oracle/RDA
oracle@172.17.193.211's password:
p9079828_418_LINUX.zip                     100%   26MB   8.8MB/s   00:03

4.解压文件
1）解压
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA$ unzip p9079828_418_LINUX.zip
Archive:  p9079828_418_LINUX.zip
  inflating: readme.txt
   creating: rda/
   creating: rda/RDA/
... 此处省略大量解压信息 ...
  inflating: rda/rda_linux56
   creating: rda/ccr/
  inflating: rda/ccr/ccr-Production-10.3.2.0.0-Linux-i386.zip

2）解压后，当前目录下将会创建一个rda目录和一个readme.txt文件
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA$ ls -ltr
total 27M
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   48 Dec  4 14:45 readme.txt
drwxr-xr-x 6 oracle oinstall 4.0K Dec  4 14:45 rda/
-rwx------ 1 oracle oinstall  27M Mar  5 02:07 p9079828_418_LINUX.zip*

3）readme.txt文件记录了RDA软件的版本信息
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA$ vi readme.txt
RDA/OCM bundle for RDA 4.18-091204 for linux_x86
~

5.验证RDA工具安装是否成功
1）第一种方法
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ perl rda.pl -cv
Loading the file list ...
Checking the directory '.' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Handle' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Library' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Library/Remote' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Local' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Object' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Operator' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Value' ...
Checking the directory 'hcve' ...
Checking the directory 'modules' ...
No issues found

2）第二种方法
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ rda.sh -cv
Loading the file list ...
Checking the directory '.' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Handle' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Library' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Library/Remote' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Local' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Object' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Operator' ...
Checking the directory 'RDA/Value' ...
Checking the directory 'hcve' ...
Checking the directory 'modules' ...
No issues found

经检查，RDA工具安装没有问题。

6.配置并运行RDA
1）验证perl是否可用
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ perl -V

2）保证rda.sh和rda.pl两个文件具有执行权限
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ls -l rda.sh rda.pl
-r-xr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall  47K Nov 30 16:02 rda.pl*
-r-xr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3.5K Jan 14  2009 rda.sh*

如果不具有执行权限，可以使用下面的命令进行调整。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ chmod +x rda.sh rda.pl

3）使用“-L modules”选项列出所有可供采集的模块
通过下面的这个列表体现出了RDA在数据库采集方面的强大优势。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ./rda.sh -L modules
Available data collection modules are:
  ACFS     Collects ASM Cluster File System Information
  ACT      Collects Oracle E-Business Suite Application Information
  ADBA     Collects ACS Oracle Database Assessment
  ADX      Collects AutoConfig and Rapid Clone Information
  AGT      Collects Enterprise Manager Agent Information
  APEX     Collects APEX Information
  ASAP     Collects Oracle Communications ASAP Information
  ASBR     Collects Application Server Backup and Recovery Information
  ASG      Collects Application Server Guard Information
  ASIT     Collects Oracle Application Server Installation Information
  ASM      Collects Automatic Storage Management Information
  B2B      Collects Oracle Business to Business Information
  BAM      Collects Business Activity Monitoring Information
  BEE      Collects Beehive Information
  BI       Collects Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition Info.
  BPEL     Collects Oracle BPEL Process Manager Information
  BR       Collects Database Backup and Recovery Information
  BRM      Collects Oracle Communications BRM Information
  CCR      Collects OCM Diagnostic Information
  CFG      Collects Key Configuration Information
  COHR     Collects Oracle Coherence Information
  CONT     Collects Oracle Content Services Information
  CRID     Collects Oracle Access Manager (COREid) Information
  D2PC     Collects Distributed Transaction Information
  DB       Controls RDBMS Data Collection
  DBA      Collects RDBMS Information
  DBC      Collects Database Control Information
  DBM      Collects RDBMS Memory Information
  DEV      Collects Oracle Developer Information
  DG       Collects Data Guard Information
  DNFS     Collects Direct NFS Information
  DSCS     Collects Discussions Information
  DSCV     Collects Oracle Discoverer Information
  ECM      Controls Oracle Enterprise Content Management 11g Data Collection
  EM       Collects Enterprise Manager OMS and Repository Info (Obsolete)
  END      Finalizes the Data Collection
  EPMA     Collects Enterprise Performance Management Architect Information
  ESB      Collects Enterprise Service Bus Information
  ESS      Collects Oracle Essbase Information
  ESSO     Collects Oracle Enterprise Single Sign-On Information
  EXA      Collects Exadata Information
  FLTR     Controls Report Content Filtering
  GRDN     Collects Oracle Guardian Information
  GRID     Controls Grid Control Data Collection
  GTW      Collects Transparent/Procedural Gateway Information
  HFM      Collects Oracle Hyperion Financial Management information
  HPL      Collects Oracle Hyperion Planning Information
  IA       Collects Intelligent Agent Information
  IAS      Collects Web Server Information
  IFS      Collects iFS (iFS, CMSDK, Files) Information
  INI      Initializes the Data Collection
  INST     Collects the Oracle Installation Information
  IPSA     Collects Oracle Communications IP Service Activator Information
  J2EE     Collects J2EE/OC4J Information
  JDBC     Collects Oracle Java DB Connectivity (JDBC) Information
  JDEV     Collects Oracle JDeveloper Information
  JIVE     Collects Jive Information
  LANG     Collects Oracle Language Information
  LOAD     Produces the External Collection Reports
  LOG      Collects Database Trace and Log Files
  MAIL     Collects Oracle Collaboration Suite Mail Information
  MSLG     Collects Microsoft Languages Information
  ND       Collects Oracle Communications Network Discovery Information
  NET      Collects Network Information
  NM       Collects Oracle Communications Network Mediation Information
  NPRF     Samples Performance Information (root not required)
  OCAL     Collects Oracle Calendar Information
  OCFS     Collects Oracle Cluster File System Information
  OCM      Setting up Configuration Manager Interface
  OCS      Controls Oracle Collaboration Suite Data Collection
  ODI      Collects Oracle Data Integrator Information
  ODM      Collects Oracle Data Mining Information
  OES      Collects Oracle Express Server Information
  OID      Collects Oracle Internet Directory Information
  OIM      Collects Oracle Identity Manager Information
  OLAP     Collects OLAP Information
  OMM      Collects Oracle Multimedia or Oracle interMedia Information
  OMS      Collects Oracle Management Server Information (obsolete)
  ONET     Collects Oracle Net Information
  OS       Collects the Operating System Information
  OVD      Collects Oracle Virtual Directory Information
  OVMM     Collects Oracle VM Manager Information
  OVMS     Collects Oracle VM Server Information
  OWB      Collects Oracle Warehouse Builder Information
  OWSM     Collects Oracle Web Services Manager Information
  PDA      Collects Oracle Portal Information
  PDBA     Collects PeopleSoft Information from an Oracle Database
  PERF     Collects Performance Information
  PLNC     Collects Oracle PL/SQL Native Compilation Information
  PROF     Collects the User Profile
  PS       Collects Oracle Communications Policy Services Information
  PWEB     Collects PeopleSoft Information from Web Application Server
  RAC      Collects Cluster Information
  RACD     Performs a Database Hang Analysis
  RDSP     Produces the Remote Data Collection Reports
  RET      Collects Oracle Retail Information
  REXE     Performs the Remote Data Collections
  RPRF     Samples Performance Information (root privileges required)
  RSRC     Collects Database Resource Manager Information
  RTC      Collects Real Time Communication Information
  SEBL     Collects Siebel Information
  SES      Collects Oracle Secure Enterprise Search Information
  SMPL     Controls Sampling
  SOA      Collects Oracle SOA Suite Information
  SP       Collects SQL*Plus/iSQL*Plus Information
  SSO      Collects Single Sign-On Information
  STC      Collects Streams Configuration Information
  STM      Collects Streams Monitoring Information
  TOPL     Collects Oracle TopLink Information
  TTEN     Collects Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Information
  UCM      Collects Oracle Universal Content Management Information
  UOA      Collects Oracle Universal Online Archive 11g Information
  WAC      Collects Web Access Client Information
  WCI      Collects Oracle WebCenter Information
  WEBC     Collects Oracle Web Cache Information
  WKSP     Collects Workspaces Information
  WLS      Collects Oracle WebLogic Server Information
  WMC      Collects Webmail Client Information
  WRLS     Collects Wireless Information
  XDB      Collects XDB Information
  XSMP     Samples User Defined Data
  XTRA     Collects User Defined Data

4）我们选择四个模块（OS DB DBA INST）配置一下
只要按照提示的信息进行配置即可，基本上都可以使用默认设置的内容。
需要注意的是最后两步我们这里输入“/”和“Y”，目的是在运行RDA采集信息的过程中不需要输入密码，避免交互操作。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ./rda.sh -S OS DB DBA INST
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S000INI: Initializes the Data Collection
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RDA uses the output file prefix to identify all files belonging to the same
data collection. The prefix must start with a letter and must contain only
alphanumeric characters.

Enter the prefix to be used for all the generated files
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (RDA)
>

Enter the directory used for all the files to be generated
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (/home/oracle/RDA/rda/output)
>

Do you want to keep report packages from previous runs (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (N)
>

Is a fresh collection performed as the default action (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (Y)
>

Enter the Oracle home to be used for data analysis
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
>

Enter the domain name for this server
> localhost.localdomain

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S010CFG: Collects Key Configuration Information
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S090OCM: Set up the Configuration Manager Interface
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RDA benefits from Oracle Configuration Manager by improving its data
collection. Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM) collects the configuration
information and uploads it to the OCM Repository in connected mode. When OCM
is configured in disconnected mode, it adds the OCM payload to the RDA report
packages in future RDA runs.

Select the mode that you want to install Oracle Configuration Manager in
/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
  C  Connected Mode
  D  Disconnected Mode
Enter the letter corresponding to your choice
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (C)
>

Do you want to install OCM Database collection scripts (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (Y)
>

Enter a SYSDBA user for installing the OCM Database collection scripts
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (sys)
>

Is /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 an Oracle E-Business Suite Database
Oracle home (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (N)
>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S909RDSP: Produces the Remote Data Collection Reports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S919LOAD: Produces the External Collection Reports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S990FLTR: Controls Report Content Filtering
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S999END: Finalizes the Data Collection
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S100OS: Collects the Operating System Information
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S130INST: Collects the Oracle Installation Information
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S200DB: Controls RDBMS Data Collection
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Is there a database for RDA to analyze (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (Y)
>

Is the database associated to the current Oracle home (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (Y)
>

Enter the Oracle SID to be analyzed
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (ora10g)
>

Is the INIT.ORA for the database to be analyzed located on this system? (Y/N)
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (Y)
>

Enter the location of the spfile or the INIT.ORA (including the directory and
file name)
Hit 'Return' to accept the default
(/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileora10g.ora)
>

Enter an Oracle User ID (userid only) to view DBA_ and V$ tables. If RDA will
be run under the Oracle software owner's ID, enter a forward slash (/) here,
and enter Y at the SYSDBA prompt to avoid a prompt for the database password
at runtime.
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (system)
> /

Is '/' a SYSDBA user (will connect as SYSDBA) (Y/N)?
Hit 'Return' to accept the default (N)
> Y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
S201DBA: Collects RDBMS Information
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

配置完成后，会在当前目录下生成output目录和配置文件setup.cfg（如果再次执行配置过程，会生成备份文件setup.bak，只保存一份备份文件。）。
配置文件setup.cfg是可编辑的，可以直接对其进行调整。

5）此时再使用“-L modules”选项查看，如果模块名前有“*”号表示已经配置过。
这里为显示清晰，省略一部分输出信息。最后一行有关于“*”号的解释
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ./rda.sh -L modules
Available data collection modules are:
  ACFS     Collects ASM Cluster File System Information
... ...
 *DB       Controls RDBMS Data Collection
 *DBA      Collects RDBMS Information
  DBC      Collects Database Control Information
... ...
 *FLTR     Controls Report Content Filtering
... ...
 *INST     Collects the Oracle Installation Information
... ...
 *OS       Collects the Operating System Information
... ...
  XTRA     Collects User Defined Data
A '*' before a module name indicates that its setup has been done.

6）我们使用“-vCRP OS DB DBA INST”选项运行RDA对系统进行信息采集
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ./rda.sh -vCRP OS DB DBA INST
        Collecting diagnostic data ...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RDA Data Collection Started 05-Mar-2010 07:21:40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Processing Initialization module ...
Processing OCM module ...
Processing CFG module ...
Processing OS module ...
Processing Oracle installation module ...
Processing RDBMS module ...
Processing RDSP module ...
Processing LOAD module ...
Processing End module ...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RDA Data Collection Ended 05-Mar-2010 07:22:11
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Generating the reports ...
                - RDA_OS_numactl.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_partition_data.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_inventory_xml.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vHWM_Statistic.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vcontrolfile.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vsystem_event.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_spatial.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_text.txt ...
                - RDA_CFG_database.txt ...
                - RDA_END_files.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_ses_procs.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_oracle_home.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_sga_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_tablespace.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_log_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vresource_limit.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_R00015_log_trace_log.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_nls_parms.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_undo_info.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_oracle_install.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_packages.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_ntpstatus.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_versions.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_disk_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vfeatureusage.txt ...
                - RDA_END_report.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_CPU_Statistic.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_replication.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_kernel_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_datafile.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_L00011_oh_inv.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_etc_conf.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_L00010_homes.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_invalids.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_security_files.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_misc_linux_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_sequences.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vfeatureinfo.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_make_report.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_voption.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_orainventory_logdir.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vparameters.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_cpu_info.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_hugepage.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_aq_data.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_sysdef.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vsession_wait.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_services.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_tracing.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_linux_release.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_all_errors.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_oratab.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_latch_info.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vlicense.txt ...
                - RDA_CFG_homes.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_jobs.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_memory_info.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_libc.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_services.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_nls_env.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_java_version.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vcompatibility.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_vspparameters.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_comps_xml.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_security.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_init_ora.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_dba_registry.txt ...
                - RDA_CFG_oh_inv.txt ...
                - RDA_OS_system_error_log.txt ...
                - RDA_DBA_database_properties.txt ...
                - RDA_INST_orainst_loc.txt ...
                - RDA_END_system.txt ...
                - Report index ...
        Packaging the reports ...
                RDA.RDA_secDB.zip created
        Updating the setup file ...

解释一下用到的选项含义。
v选项含义：详细显示报告生成过程，如果不加这个选项，仅会显示上面输出的第一部分内容；
C选项含义：采集诊断信息；
R选项含义：生成HTML格式的报告；
P选项还以：对生成的报告文件打包，压缩成zip格式。

7.获得RDA的帮助信息
演示过程中我们使用了v、C、R和P选项，如何获得更多选项的说明信息呢？方法有两种。
1）获得简略的帮助信息
使用“-h”选项查看详细的帮助文档。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ./rda.sh -h
Usage: rda.pl [-bcdflntvwxy] [-ABCDEHIKLMPQRSTV] [-e list] [-m dir]
              [-s name] [-o out] [-p prof] arg ...
        -A      Authentify user through the setup file
        -B      Start background collection
        -C      Collect diagnostic information
        -D      Delete specified modules from the setup
        -E      Explain specified error numbers
        -H      Halt background collection
        -I      Regenerate the index
        -K      Kill background collection
        -L      List the modules available
        -M      Display the related manual pages
        -O      Render output specifications from STDIN
        -P      Package the reports (tar or zip)
        -Q      Display the related setup questions
        -R      Generate specified reports
        -S      Setup specified modules
        -T      Execute test modules
        -V      Display component version numbers
        -b      Don't backup setup file before saving
        -c      Check the RDA installation and exit
        -d      Set debug mode
        -e list Specify a list of alternate setting definitions (var=val,...)
        -f      Set force mode
        -h      Display the command usage and exit
        -l      Use a lock file to prevent concurrent usage of a setup file
        -m dir  Specify the module directory ('modules' by default)
        -n      Start a new data collection
        -o out  Specify the file for background collection output redirection
        -p prof Specify the setup profile ('Default' by default)
        -q      Set quiet mode
        -s name Specify the setup name ('setup' by default)
        -t      Set trace mode
        -v      Set verbose mode
        -w      Wait as long as the background collection daemon is active
        -x      Produce module cross reference
        -y      Accept all defaults and skip all pauses

2）获得详细的帮助信息
使用“-M”选项查看详细的帮助文档。
内容非常详细，这里不做展示。
如果做进一步的查找，这个详细帮助文档内容是由下面rda.pod文件格式化后生成的。
ora10g@secDB /home/oracle/RDA/rda$ ls -l ./modules/rda.pod
-r--r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 15K Nov 23 20:37 ./modules/rda.pod

8.查看RDA生成的报告
内容简洁实用，查询方便。


9.小结
RDA工具对于数据库健康检查的意义是重大的，使用RDA可以快速准确的获取数据库的基本信息（数据采集整体时间最常一般不会超过15分钟），对于数据库的故障亦有裨益。
RDA的强大的数据采集功能不限于本文的演示内容，建议朋友们对细节参数进行研究。

Good luck.

secooler
10.03.05

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