【LISTENER】配置静态监听时谨防SID_NAME大小写问题导致数据库无法连接

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-28 00:04:31 发布

cuanchuwei1207

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-28 00:04:31 发布

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文章标签：数据库网络

配置静态监听时SID_NAME名字需要注意大小写，同样的名字不一样的大小写表示完全不同的数据库实例。一旦静态监听的实例名字与对应的数据库实例不一致时，便会出现使用连接串无法连接数据库的问题。
将这个问题记录在这里，供大家参考。

1.查看与静态监听相关的配置信息
PROD@secdb1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin$ cat listener.ora
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS_LIST=
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1)(PORT=1521))
      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = PROD)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = prod)
    )
)

特别注意，此处SID_NAME内容是小写的“prod”，而数据库实例的名字是大写的“PROD”。

2.查看tnsnames.ora中记录的连接串
PROD@secdb1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin$ cat tnsnames.ora
PROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = secdb1)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = PROD)
    )
)

3.重启监听使上面错误的配置信息生效
PROD@secdb1 /home/oracle$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-AUG-2011 21:44:43

Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> stop
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                11-AUG-2011 21:47:42
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb1.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PROD" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "prod", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

特别注意这里的提示信息“Instance "prod"”，这里清楚地显示出是引号括起来的小写prod实例名。

4. 测试使用连接串连接数据库时的故障现象
1）尝试用SYS用户以特权身份使用连接串登录数据库
PROD@secdb1 /home/oracle$ sqlplus sys/oracle@prod as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 11 21:53:10 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus

这里提示的错误是“权限不足”，潜在的含义便是没有办法登录数据库。

2）尝试用system普通用户使用连接串登录数据库
PROD@secdb1 /home/oracle$ sqlplus system/oracle@prod

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Aug 11 21:48:22 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus

这里提示的错误是“Oracle数据库不可用”，这个错误提示很直观，因为静态监听中配置的是小写的“prod”实例，而实际上数据库实例名字是大写的“PROD”，因此连接过程中无法找到对应的实例！

5.小结
本文给出故障现象的最根本的原因是：数据库实例名本身是区分大小写的，因此在配置静态监听配置SID_NAME时一定要注意大小写。
当遇到数据库无法连接的时候我们应该从多个角度去分析，不放过任何一个细节。

Good luck.

secooler
11.08.11

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